Analysis And Modeling Of Urban Trip Spatial Distribution Characteristics

The research on the spatial distribution of urban trip is extremely important for urban planning,transportation planning,commercial services and other fields.With the rapid urbanization process in China,the urban spatial layout continues to evolve dynamically,and the spatial distribution of urban trip also becomes more and more diversified and complex,leading to a series of problems such as traffic congestion,long-distance commuting and so on.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to deeply study the spatial distribution characteristics of urban trip,so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific urban planning and transportation planning.In recent years,with the application and development of mobile communication technology,a large number of mobile phone signaling data provides strong support for the study about the spatial distribution characteristics of urban trip.Based on the processing of large-scale mobile phone signaling data,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of urban trip,and further proposes a free utility model to explain the gravity law of trip distribution and an OD(origin and destination)matrix compression model to quantify the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution.The main work carried out in this paper is as follows:(1)This paper presents the processing procedures of the data used in this study and the analysis results of urban trip spatial distribution characteristics.Firstly,through the processing of mobile phone signaling data in dimensions of time and space,the average trip volume between locations in each hour during typical working days is obtained.Then,this paper analyzes the statistical characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution from different aspects,including the overall characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution,the microscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution and the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution.For the overall characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution,this paper analyzes the distribution of total trip,travel distance,trips,trip generation and attraction.The results show that each city has similar travel characteristics.For the microscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution,this paper analyzes the relationship between trip volume and generation and attraction sizes,as well as between trip volume and spatial distance in each city,which shows that the gravity law is universal in trip distribution,and further shows the necessity of explaining this law.For macroscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution,this paper draws the desire line which illustrates the necessity of quantitative research on the macroscopic characteristics.Finally,the global human settlement data set is used to extract the urban central area in order to distinguish it from the administrative region.(2)This paper proposes a free utility model which can reflect both individual interaction and bounded rationality to explain the gravity law of trip distribution.In the past half century,many scholars have proposed different explanations on the formation mechanism of the gravity law,but an explanation that simultaneously reflects individual interaction and bounded rationality is still lacking.Firstly,this paper starts from the level of individual choice behavior,introduces individual bounded rationality,and establishes an individual choice model.Then,this paper introduces the interaction between individuals and establishes a free utility model at the level of group choice behavior.Furthermore,the gravity law can be explained by concreting the utility function of the free utility model.The previous explanations of the gravity law including the maximum entropy model,the free cost model,the Logit model and the destination choice game model are all special cases of the free utility model.Finally,under the framework of the free utility model,this paper extends the destination choice behavior to the mode choice behavior and path choice behavior,and establishes a combined trip distribution,modal split and trip assignment model.(3)This paper develops an OD matrix compression model that considers both trip volume and travel spatial information between locations to quantify the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution.Firstly,at the level of traffic analysis zone,this paper defines the travel composite vector of the location to compress trip volume and travel space information into coarse-grained information such as the module and direction of the travel composite vector.This coarse-grained information can quantify the macroscopic characteristics such as anisotropy and centrality of location trip.Then,at the level of city,based on the anisotropy and centrality of location trip,this paper defines the macroscopic characteristics such as anisotropy and centrality of urban trip using the weighted average method.Next,this paper investigates the macroscopic characteristics of location trip and urban trip,respectively.For the macroscopic characteristics of location trip,this paper firstly analyzes the distribution of anisotropy and centrality of location trip,which shows that the anisotropy of most locations is at a moderate level and the centrality is at a strong level in the city.Then,this paper analyzes the spatial change trend of anisotropy and centrality of location trip,which shows that with the process of moving away from the city center,the anisotropy of location trip gradually increases,while the centrality of location trip first increases and then decreases.For the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip,this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip and geographical location of city.The results show that the centrality of urban trip in northern cities is strong,while that in southern cities is relatively weak.Then,according to the anisotropy and centrality of urban trip,the spatial distribution pattern of urban trip is divided into monocentric pattern,polycentric pattern and mixed pattern.Finally,this paper analyzes the relationship between the spatial distribution pattern of urban trip and average travel distance.The results show that the average travel distance in polycentric cities is shorter.The research of this paper not only helps to understand the formation mechanism of the gravity law of trip distribution and quantitatively describe the macroscopic characteristics of urban trip spatial distribution,but also provides theoretical reference for scientifically formulating urban traffic development planning and management policies.