Research On Climatic Zoning Of Residential Building Energy-saving Design In Shaanxi Province

The proposal of the"30·60"dual-carbon goal is of great significance for the transformation of China’s energy structure and the realization of high-quality development of the energy system.Facing the energy revolution in the new stage of China,building energy conservation,as an effective way to alleviate energy consumption,protect the ecological environment and rationally use renewable energy,is bound to step up to a higher level.Facing the new energy situation in China,building energy conservation,as one of the effective ways to alleviate energy consumption,protect the ecological environment,and rationally utilize renewable energy,is bound to step up to a higher level.Climatic zoning is the basis to distinguish the architectural design of different regions.It plays an important role in regional energy-saving design and technical applications such as thermal performance of envelope structures,heating and air-conditioning,and passive buildings and technical applications,as well as emission reduction and carbon reduction.The purpose of this paper is to provide corresponding guidance for the province’s building energy-saving design and technology application by establishing a climatic zoning scheme for livable building energy-saving design in Shaanxi Province.The research mainly includes the definition of zoning concept,basic meteorological data,analysis of relevant meteorological parameters,determination of zoning indicators,establishment of zoning methods,and zoning results and quality evaluation.Before carrying out climate zoning,this paper firstly clarifies the concept,purpose,and scope of the climate zoning for building energy-saving design.And the comprehensive factor method and the leading index method are respectively used to study the climate zoning from the overall level of building cooling and heating consumption(basic layer)and the application of building energy-saving technology(technical layer).Through the collection and arrangement of meteorological data in Shaanxi Province,the original observational meteorological data of 96 stations in the province were obtained.Using the Sandia National Laboratory method and based on the meteorological data from 1990 to 2019,the typical meteorological years of 30insolation stations in Shaanxi Province that can represent the climate characteristics of2010 to 2019 were selected,and the problems of meteorological data quality control,generation of typical meteorological years method,solar radiation missing detection processing method,hourly and smoothing and other key issues were solved,so as to obtain a set of outdoor hourly meteorological data sets for follow-up research and practical engineering,which are closer to the average value of nearly 10 years compared with the existing typical meteorological year data.The meteorological parameters related to the cooling and heating loads of residential buildings and the application of building energy-saving technologies are extracted through the analysis of basic heat transfer principles and literature research as the alternative zoning indicators for the basic layer and technical layer of this zoning plan;the dynamic energy consumption simulation of buildings is adopted.Combined with sensitivity analysis,the alternative zoning indicators of the base layer are screened,and 8 factors that have a greater impact on building cooling and heating loads are obtained as for zoning indicators,namely HDD18,HDD18,CDD26,DBT_W,DBT_S,RH_S,DNR_W,DHR_W,DHR_S,and calculate their comprehensive weights;in terms of methodology,summarize and analyze the methods commonly used in existing climatic zoning,and determine that the K-means weighted clustering algorithm is similar to hierarchical zoning.The combined method is used to conduct zoning research,and the basic layer zoning is determined on the basis of the elbow rule and the Gap Statistic(GS)method to determine the optimal number of clusters.The climate sub-area represents the area and the average calculated value of the indicator is used as a reference.In terms of zoning results,this paper uses the inverse calculation formula of Gaussian average argument to calculate the geographical space distance between the two,so as to solve the problem of judging the climatic regions in 11 areas without meteorological data.Using Arc GIS classification and spatial interpolation methods,the zoning boundaries and the climatic characteristic values of 107 regions in the province were determined,and the visual representation of the climate zoning for building energy-saving design was obtained,including 5 basic layer zoning and 18 technical layer zoning,and the climatic characteristics of each base layer climate zone and the applicable energy-saving technology are analyzed.The multiple linear regression method and cross-validation established 8 high-precision models for calculating the cooling and heating loads of residential buildings in Shaanxi Province,and used the"Uniqueness"and"Dispersion"indicators to evaluate the quality of zoning from different perspectives.Based on the evaluation,the research shows that the building heating load and cooling load Uniq values per unit area of the climatic zoning scheme in this study are about 2.4 and 1.6 times that of the current zoning scheme,respectively,and the Disp values are about 0.6 and 0.8 times that of the current zoning scheme,respectively.It can be seen that the climatic zoning scheme in this study has more advantages in improving the interval difference and regional similarity of building cooling and heating loads,that is,the quality of the climatic zoning scheme in this study is better.The establishment of climate zoning for building energy-saving design can provide certain theoretical support for building energy-saving design and technical application in various regions of Shaanxi Province.In addition,the typical meteorological year data set generated in the paper can also be used in practical engineering and thesis research work.