Accessibility Analysis And Layout Optimization Strategies Of Urban Parks In The Main Urban Area Of Harbin

With the acceleration of urbanization,the social and economic level continues to increase,but people neglect the protection of urban ecological environment while carrying out urban construction,so that the "urban disease" is becoming more and more serious,which makes us fully aware of the importance of protecting the ecological environment.As General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the development concept of "clear waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains" and"The construction of ecological civilization,related to the well-being of the people,related to the future of the people" vision of development,put forward the slogan of the construction of park city,and clearly pointed out that the construction of ecological garden city is an important step of urban construction in the new era of China,which will certainly provide a new development mode for urban construction.The global spread of COVID-19 has undoubtedly confirmed the value of urban parks as"necessities of life" once again.Urban parks,as organic cells of cities and important places for daily leisure and entertainment of urban residents,will directly or indirectly affect urban public health.It is the general trend to optimize the green space layout strategy of urban parks in a more scientific and reasonable way,so that urban residents can use parks more conveniently and efficiently,and make the most of their ecological benefits and service functions.Landscape architects are dutybound.In this paper,ArcGIS software is used to analyze the accessibility of urban parks in the main urban area of Harbin and find out the causes of the problems,and the layout optimization strategy of urban parks is proposed.In order to achieve the goal of ecological development of "residents can see green space within 300 meters and park within 500 meters".This paper takes urban parks in the main urban area of Harbin as the research object.Through the collection of urban parks,traffic network,main POI data and population density in the main urban area of Harbin,and collecting and summarizing key data such as the way residents get to the park and maximum acceptable time range based on field investigation,and the database of urban park accessibility analysis in the main urban area of Harbin is completed.Secondly,through Kernel Density Estimation,the data of green space in the park and urban key facilities point are compared and analyzed,and the preliminary conclusion is drawn that the layout of green space in the park in main urban area of Harbin is seriously dispersed and there is imbalance between supply and demand.Then,ArcGIS is used to conduct network analysis of 4 times(0-5min,5-10min,10-15min and 1520min)to the park of 4 ways(walk,non-motorized,bus and motor vehicle)to get to the park in 3 scales of urban parks,and comprehensively evaluated and ranked the accessibility coefficient of urban parks in seven administrative districts of Harbin(Xiangfang,Daoli,Daowai,Nangang,Hulan,Songbei and Pingfang).Through the analysis and research on the accessibility of urban parks,it is found that the park construction in the main urban area of Harbin is not synchronized with the urban development,which leads to the uneven distribution of park green space,the imbalance of supply and demand,the imperfect road system,and the lack of scientific and reasonable layout and site selection method,which leads to the existence of many accessibility blind areas.Finally,two new park site selection strategies were determined for the typical pedestrian accessibility blind areas.The park was allocated according to population density through the method of Kernel Density Estimation and 3D visualization analysis of fishing net,and the service scope of pedestrian accessibility finally covered 87%residential areas.K-means clustering algorithm was used to calculate the number of 3-5 parks suitable for the test area.Combined with Weber facility location model,site selection and layout of new parks were studied,and the final verification effect was 100%coverage of residential areas.Through analyzing and summarizing the existing problems in the layout of urban parks in the main urban area of Harbin,the paper puts forward some suggestions for improving the accessibility and location of the park green space.