Study On Water Quality Criteria Of Three Typical Tetracyclines Antibiotics

Tetracyclines(TCs)are one of the most widely used antibiotics in livestock and poultry industry,including Tetracycline(TC),Chlorotetracycline,CTC),Oxytetracycline(OTC),etc.Residual TCs in aquatic environment may have toxic effects on freshwater organisms and aquatic ecosystems.Water quality criteria(WQC)provides scientific basis for the formulation of water quality standards and water quality management.However,at present,no authoritative institution at home and abroad has issued the surface water environmental quality standard and WQC of TCs,and there are relatively few researches on the systematic derivation of the three typical TCs of WQC for freshwater aquatic organism and the protection of human health in China.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out the derivation of WQC and risk assessment research of TCs,so as to provide theoretical support for the formulation of new pollutant water environmental standards and the adoption of relevant environmental management measures.In this paper,acute and chronic toxicity data and human health-related parameters of three typical TCs have been collected and screened,and long-term and short-term water quality criteria of three TCs in Chinese water have been deduced by using Species Sensitivity Distribution.Then,the non-carcinogenic WQC for the protection of human health of three TCs from the intake of aquatic products were derived exploratively with the data of population exposure related parameters and bioaccumulation factor(BAF).Finally,the surface water exposure concentration data were summarized to preliminatively assess the ecological risks of three TCs to freshwater organisms in the Yangtze River,Haihe River,Songliao River and other river basins.The main results are as follows:(1)The acute toxicity data of TC freshwater organisms involved 10 phyla,14 families and 19 species such as Chordate and Angiosperm,and the chronic toxicity data involved 6 phyla,8 families and 10 species such as Arthropoda;The acute toxicity data of CTC included 6 phyla,10 families and 12 species,and the chronic toxicity data included 4 phyla,8 families and 8 species.The OTC acute toxicity data covered 5 phyla,10 families and 13 species,and the chronic toxicity data covered 3 phyla,9 families and 10 species.(2)The probability of chronic toxicity of the three kinds of TCs was higher than that of acute toxicity,and the possibility of acute toxicity of TC was the highest,and the possibility of chronic toxicity of CTC was the highest.The short-term water quality criteria for TC,CTC and OTC were 173.5,91.1 and 61.2 μg/L,and the long-term water quality criteria were 5.9,8.7 and 18.7 μg/L,respectively.(3)CTC are more likely to cause harm to human health than TC and OTC.The non-carcinogenic effects WQC for the protection of human health of TC,CTC and OTC intake from aquatic products were 14.9,7.5 and 19.3 mg/L,respectively.The final BAF of TC and OTC in the second nutrient grade was 426 L/kg,the final BAF of the third nutrient grade was 618 and 220L/kg,respectively,and the final BAF of the third nutrient grade of CTC was 1405 L/kg.(4)Three typical TCs exist widely in Chinese fresh water bodies,but the risk level is low.The highest ecological risk of TC was found in Nanming River of Guiyang,and the maximum value of TC could cause chronic toxic effects on eastern mosquito fish(Gambusia holbrooki).The ecological risks of CTC and OTC were the highest in the tributaries of Ziya River in the Haihe River Basin,and the chronic toxicity effects of OTC on Oreochromis niloticus and Egeria densa were possible.Among the river basins,TC and CTC have greater chronic toxicity risk to freshwater organisms in the Yangtze River Basin,and OTC has greater chronic toxicity risk to freshwater organisms in the Haihe River Basin.