Study On Ecological Compensation Mechanism In Chishui River Basin

The Chishui River basin is a vital ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The inter-basin&inter-regional ecological compensation mechanism is an important tool to build a green Chishui River.The Chishui River basin’s economic and social development is relatively lagging behind.On the one hand,the provinces in the basin are contributing ecological value overflow,on the other hand,they are still highly dependent on external help.Therefore,ecological compensation in the Chishui River basin should not only focus on the absolute contribution and spillover scale of ecological value,but also consider the relative contribution and resource consumption degree among the three provinces in the basin.The ecological compensation plan should be optimized based on the"contribution principle""fairness principle"and"reasonableness principle",and the distribution of ecological compensation should be tilted to the regions with higher ecological value contribution and lower economic development level.The upstream and downstream regions will work together to build an ecological security barrier and share the socio-economic development in the basin.This research takes the Chishui River basin as the study area,based on the data of land use type,precipitation,evapotranspiration,and DEM for four periods of 2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The water yields of the four periods are simulated by"Water-Yield"sub-module of the InVEST model,representing the ecological value.Using Arc GIS analysis tools,population distribution and GDP spatial distribution data,ecological value,population distribution,and economic and social development level are cascaded by land type to explore the distribution of ecological compensation funds.The"contribution principle"is based on the spatial distribution of water yield,“the more contribution,the more compensation”.The"fairness principle"is based on the spatial distribution of population,reflecting people-oriented equity.The"reasonableness principle"considers the differences in regional economic and social development.By integrating the ecological value contribution and the degree of economic development,ecological compensation allocation is optimized and adjusted.In the spatial dimension,the ecological compensation is proposed at the provincial and local scales;in the temporal dimension,the"counterfactual"is constructed to analyze the dynamic impact of urban expansion and industrial development on ecological compensation allocation.The InVEST model is based on the GIS platform to present the quantified ecosystem service functions in the form of maps.The calculated water yield data are87.54×108m~3(2005),68.51×108m~3(2010),80.57×108m~3(2015)and 84.52×108m~3(2020),representing the amount of ecological value in each period.Overall,the spatial distribution of water production in the Chishui River basin has not changed much in the past 15 years,and the overall trend of water yields in the Chishui River basin are stable,which indicates that the ecological values of each period are also more stable.When water yields are used as the allocation criterion,the ecological compensation percentages of Yunnan Guizhou and Sichuan are 10.48%,59.85%and 29.67%.When population distribution is used as the allocation criterion,the ecological compensation percentages are 15.33%,57.23%and 27.44%respectively.Using GDP as the economic development level and payment capacity,the ecological compensation distribution standard is adjusted,and the correction coefficients of Yunnan Guizhou Sichuan are5.59,0.48,and 1.36 in order.So,the ecological compensation percentages are 45.89%,22.50%,and 31.61%in order.Taking GDP per capita as the economic development level and payment capacity,the ecological compensation compensation allocation standard is also adjusted,and correction coefficients are 1.94,0.70,and 0.94respectively.So,revised ecological compensation percentages are 22.59%,46.56%,and 30/85%in turn.Discuss the relationship between ecological values and ecological compensation at the local level.The compensation is all site type-specific,compensating to specific land types,and benefiting groups engaged in production and living on different land types.The share of ecological compensation is calculated between agricultural industries,between non-agricultural industries,between agricultural and non-agricultural industries.The correction coefficient between agriculture and non-agricultural industries is 59.81:40.19.The allocation ratios of agriculture and non-agricultural industries in Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces aer 27.45%,13.46%,18.91%and18.44%,9.04%,12.70%.The allocation ratio of forestry and plantation industry is 55:45,and the allocation ratios of plantation industry and forestry in Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces are 12.35%,6.06%,8.51%and 15.1%,7.4%,10.4%.The allocation ratios for urban and rural non-agricultural industries in the basin were 35.26:64.74,and the allocation ratios of urban and rural non-agricultural land are 6.50%,3.19%,4.48%and 11.94%,5.85%,8.22%in Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces.The"counterfactuals"are contructed to discuss the dynamic effects of ecological compensation allocation.For the development of agricultural industry,it is assumed that the expansion of agricultural land will lead to a reduction in the area of shrubland and open forest,then the changes in economic returns and ecological benefits are measured.Concentrating the development of agricultural industry in Guizhou is a relatively better choice,and there is space for cooperation in industrial layout and ecological compensation among the three provinces.If the potential economic losses in Yunnan and Sichuan are considered,compensation of 1,039,400 yuan and 2,350,000yuan per square kilometer can be obtained.For urban expansion and non-agricultural industrial development,buffer zones are constructed based on existing non-agricultural construction land and industrial land.It is assumed that all land types in the buffer zones are converted to non-agricultural construction land and industrial land,then the changes in economic and ecological benefits are measured.For Sichuan,there is negative return for the economic benefits of urban expansion and non-agricultural industrial development.Yunnan can receive subsidies at the rate of 0.61 Yuan/m~3(2.09 million Yuan/km~2),if it limits the expansion of urban construction land and non-agricultural industrial land by itself,while implementing the transfer of construction land permits between Yunnan and Guizhou.