Study On The Degradation Of Norfloxacin By Peroxymonosulfate Activated By Bismuth Vanadate Enhanced By Surface Engineerin

Treating antibiotic pollutants in water bodies is crucial in addressing environmental and human health problems resulting from their accumulation.Photocatalytic technology has become an important method to address environmental pollution due to its cost-effectiveness,absence of secondary pollution,and high efficiency in pollutant degradation.Coupling photocatalysis with persulfate（PS）activation system can activate PS through the photo-generated electrons（e^-）resulting in the generation of sulfate radicals(SO₄^·-),while promoting the separation of photogenerated charge carriers with high efficiency in antibiotic degradation.However,it is crucial to select a suitable photocatalyst to improve adsorption capacity of PS and enhance photo-generated charge separation and transfer in the photocatalytic/PS activation coupling system.Bi VO₄ has a narrow bandgap,visible light response,non-toxicity,and controllable crystal facets,suggesting its immense potential as a photocatalyst in degrading pollutants.However,the low efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole separation and rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs hinder its widespread application.Consequently,this paper aims to regulate active crystal facets of Bi VO₄ photocatalytic material using surface engineering strategies to construct oxygen vacancies（V_O）/metal Bi dual-active sites.This technique aims to strengthen the oriented separation of photo-generated charges,utilization efficiency of PS for photo-generated electrons,and its adsorption activation on Bi VO₄.Using norfloxacin as the model pollutant,we investigate the enhancement mechanism of Bi VO₄ surface engineering modification on the photocatalytic/PS coupling system for degrading antibiotic wastewater through experimental results and theoretical calculations.Furthermore,using advanced characterization techniques,we examine the structure-performance relationship of the prepared photocatalyst and provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the deep treatment of typical antibiotic pollutants.（1）Bi VO₄ crystals were synthesized using a wet-chemical method with tunable{010}and{110}facets achieved by adjusting precursor type and concentration,p H,and reaction time.Experimental results revealed that a catalyst with a higher proportion of{010}facet demonstrated better photocatalytic activity in the degradation of norfloxacin as compared to the catalyst with a higher proportion of{110}facet.This improved photocatalytic performance was attributed to the migration of photogenerated electrons to the{010}facet where they were trapped by surface states,activated,and further led to highly oxidative SO₄^·-radicals generation,resulting in a more efficient charge separation and norfloxacin degradation.（2）By using a plasma etching method,V_O and metallic Bi nanoparticles were fabricated on the active facets of Bi VO₄,resulting in highly efficient photocatalytic materials.Under visible light irradiation,the photocatalytic activity was significantly enhanced,demonstrating a degradation efficiency of approximately 95%of norfloxacin within 80 minutes.Theoretical calculations indicated that the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism was attributed to a twofold effect:the existence of V_O increased the adsorption capacity of Bi VO₄ for PMS,and the metallic Bi nanoparticles acted as electron donors,improving charge separation efficiency.The catalyst exhibited remarkable sustainability and stability,showing significant potential for practical applications.