The Differential Effects And Mechanisms Among Lard,Camellia Oil And Peanut Oil On Lipid And Glucose Metabolism In Mice

Objective: The grease nutrition is closely related to residents’ health,and it also is inseparable from a series of diseases such as obesity,diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver and hyperlipidemia induced by glucose and lipid metabolism disorder.We took male C57BL/6J mice as the research object to explore the effects and mechanisms of lard,camellia oil and peanut oil on glucolipid metabolic in this paper,which provided theoretical guidance and basis for residents to choose dietary oilsand promote the health of China.Methods: In this study,we took male C57BL/6J mice at 7w weeks as the research object,and placed them into the same environment to adaptive feed for 1 week,and then we conducted the following experiments:(1)Eighty-one 7w male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 9 groups and fed with whole foods diets supplemented with lard,camellia oil and peanut oil,and the fat energy levels were15%,25% and 35%,respectively.The data of growth performance and insulin resistance were collected during feeding,and the body fat percentage,blood glucose and lipid,serum biochemistry,liver and muscle lipid deposition were detected after 24 w feeding.(2)We collected the liver and muscle tissues of micetodetecte the m RNA relative expression of glucolipid metabolism and skeletal muscle metabolism-related genes inmice by RT-q PCR,and the serum was collected to detect the effects of different dietary fats on the serum metabolites in mice.Results:(1)The results showed that under the 15% and 35% fat energy level,there was no significant difference in the body weight of mice among each group,and there was no consistent change trend in other phenotypes or mechanisms.However,When the fat energy level was 25%,the intake of camellia oil could reduce the body weight of mice(P<0.05),but increase the 40% body fat percentage of mice compared with the intake of lard(P<0.05).And there were the decreasing trend of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity of mice in the camellia oil group(P>0.05).So this study mainly investigated the the effects and mechanisms of three different fats on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice when the fat energy level was 25%.(2)When the fat energy level was 25%,the serum TC,TG and LDL-C contents of mice in camellia oil group tended to increase(P>0.05),and the HDL-C contents increased significantly compared with lard and peanut oil(P<0.05),consistent with this trend,the TC and TG contents of mice liver and musclein the camellia oil group also increased(P>0.05),which proved thatthere were liver and muscle lipid accumulation and liver injury,and there were the increasing levels of serum CHE,AST and ALT in the camellia oil group.In addition,the increasing serum UREA and CREA levels in the camellia oil groupalso suggested the enhancement of catabolism ability of muscle tissue(P<0.05).(3)Under the 25% fat energy level,mice of camellia oil group mainly promoted lipid accumulation in liver and muscle by up-regulating the expression of genes related to lipid production and down-regulating the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation compared with the lard group,which involved Srebp1c-Fasn/Acc1/Pparα pathway.In addition,mice of camellia oil group mainly regulated glucose metabolism by reducing the m RNA expression of gluconeogenesis and TCA related genes,such as Foxo1,Pck1,Sdhb,Idh and Cs compared with the lard group(P<0.01),but the final phenotypic results proved that the latter played a dominant role in this regulation process.When compared with the lard group,mice of camellia oil group could down-regulate the expression of Myf5,but up-regulate the expression of muscular dystrophy factor,such as Murf1,to promote muscle atrophy and thereby reduce muscle mass(P<0.01).(4)Under the 25% fat energy level,some important metabolites were differentially expressed in serum,including cholic acid,PE(18:1(9Z)/0:0),Lyso PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10 Z,13Z,16 Z,19Z)),PC(20:1/0:0),PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11 Z,14Z)/0:0),and Lyso PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10 Z,13Z,16 Z,19Z)),which was another reason for the difference in glucolipid metabolism between lard and camellia oil groups,and these were also closely related to the glycerol secretion pathway(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion: The effects of different dietary fats on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice are different,which mainly existed between the 25% fat energy level of lard and camellia oil.When the fat energy level was 25%,the mice of camellia oil group have lower body weight than that of lard group,but the intake of lard could improve the body fat percentage,blood glucose and lipid levels,insulin resistance,liver injury,lipid deposition in liver and muscle of mice.And the intake of lard could promote fatty acid oxidation and reduce lipid synthesis by the activation of SREBP-1-FASN/ACC1/PPARα pathway.In addition,its regulatory mechanism was also closely related to bile secretion and the existence of some differential metabolites,including cholic acid、PE(18:1(9Z)/0:0)and so on.So when the fat energy level is 25%,it’s more health for the body to intake lard.