| Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill is a famous and authentic medicine in Jilin Province,which is widely used in clinic.It is an important part of many classical prescriptions,and it is also the main component of many proprietary Chinese medicines such as “Shengmai Yin”,“Schisandra syrup”,“Anshen Buxin granule” and so on.Schisandra chinensis contains a variety of inorganic elements,and the content of inorganic elements changes regularly with plant growth,and affects the accumulation of active ingredients of Schisandra chinensis.However,the content of inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis fluctuates greatly affected by growth environment and other factors.Especially,the excessive content of harmful elements will seriously endanger the health of users.So inorganic elements are also one of the important indicators to evaluate the quality of Schisandra chinensis.The paper takes cultivated Schisandra chinensis as the subject,the inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),the potential health risks of harmful elements were evaluated,the effects of elements on the active components of Schisandra chinensis were analyzed,and the enrichment and migration abilities of inorganic elements in different parts were discussed.The main research contents are as follows:First,the method for determination of 18 kinds of elements in Schisandra chinensis by microwave digestion-ICP-MS had been established.High-grade concentrated nitric acid was used as digestion reagent.Mass spectrometry interference has been eliminated by ICP-MS kinetic energy discrimination mode,and non-mass spectrometry interference has been eliminated by internal calibration combined with dilution method.The experiment shows that the linear relationship of 18 elements is good with the correlation coefficient of elements between 0.9922 and 0.9999.The detection limit is between 0.0012 μg/L and 0.4368 μg/L,and the quantitative limit between 0.0145 μg/L and 5.068 μg/L.The recovery rate is 84.83% and 117.79%,with RSDs≤9.92%,satisfied the requirements of conventional detection methods.The method can be used as a detection method for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in Schisandra chinensis.Secondly,the contents of 17 inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis were determined by ICP-MS,the producing areas of Schisandra chinensis were distinguished by principal component analysis and cluster analysis,and the potential dietary risk of harmful elements in Schisandra chinensis was evaluated by target hazard coefficient(THQ/TTHQ)and tolerable maximum intake(UL)ratio analysis.The results showed that the contents of inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis were different.The content of Mn was the highest,the content of Cr,Ni,Cu,Sr and Ba was the second,and the content of Be,Ga,Zr,Mo and Cd was the lowest.The fingerprint of these elements in Schisandra chinensis had strong characteristics,indicating that the content of elements in Schisandra chinensis showed a certain regular distribution,which could be used as a reference for the identification of Schisandra chinensis.The statistical results show that Schisandra chinensis from Songjiang River area had the highest comprehensive score and the best quality.The ratios of that intake of Mn,Cu,Se and Mo to UL were less than 1,and the THQ of Cu,As,Cd,Cr and Pb were less than 1,indicated that the edible Schisandra chinensis had no health risk.Thirdly,the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in the samples were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method,and the abilities of scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were studied.The relationship among inorganic elements,active components and antioxidant activity in Schisandra chinensis was discussed by statistical analysis.The results showed that inorganic elements had different effect on the active components and antioxidant ability of Schisandra chinensis,in which the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids might increase with the content of element,and the antioxidant capacity would be enhanced with the content of element.Correlation analysis showed that the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were affected by the content of Mn and Co,and Mn,Sr,Cd and Ba could enhance the scavenging ability of DPPH.The stepwise regression equation showed that Mn could promote the synthesis of total flavonoids or total phenolic acids,and Mn,Cd and Ni could affect the scavenging ability of DPPH.Fourthly,a sampling survey was focused on three Schisandra chinensis plantations in Baishan City,Jilin Province,and the contents of 14 elements in different parts of Schisandra chinensis plant and rhizosphere soil were determined.The risk of soil heavy metal content was conducted by single factor pollution index and geological cumulative index,and the distribution and correlation of inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis and its growing soil were analyzed by biological enrichment coefficient and migration coefficient.The results showed that the rhizosphere soil of Schisandra chinensis was weakly acidic,in which the contents of Mn and Se were higher,which were much higher than the background value of Chinese soil.The results of soil element risk assessment showed that the element index of Mn and Se was on the high side,and there was a certain degree of pollution.The content of Mn in Schisandra chinensis was the highest,the content of Ba,Sr,Cu and Ni was the second,and the content of other elements is the lowest.The content of most elements was the highest in roots,the second in stems and leaves,and the lowest in fruits.The results of enrichment coefficient method and migration coefficient method showed that the enrichment ability of fruit to all detected elements was poor,the enrichment ability of leaves and stems to Mn elements and the migration ability of leaves to Cu and Sr elements were strong.The contents of this paper include the analysis of the content of inorganic elements in Schisandra chinensis,dietary risk assessment,the correlation between inorganic elements and effective components and antioxidant activity,the pollution characteristics of rhizosphere soil and the characteristics of element enrichment in different parts and rhizosphere soil.It is great significance for the quality evaluation and comprehensive development and utilization of Schisandra chinensis.However,Schisandra chinensis is easily affected by many external factors in the process of growth,it is necessary to analyze the absorption principle of elements in Schisandra chinensis.And we can further control experiments on Mn and Se with high content in soil and Cu with high enrichment coefficient.In addition,inorganic elements have a variety of forms in nature,so it is of great significance to analyze the correlation between the existing forms of elements and the aective components of Schisandra chinensis. |
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