Design Of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Materials And Application Of Self-powered Systems

The development of new clean and renewable energy is the inevitable way to solve the urgent energy and environmental crisis and realize the sustainable development of human society.The new energy harvesting technology based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is clean and renewable,and is widely regarded as an important technology with promising application.The basic working principle of TENG is based on the coupling effect of Contact electrification and electrostatic induction,which can efficiently convert low-frequency mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy.However,the existing triboelectric series are mainly composed of polymers,rubbers,and metals.These traditional materials have disadvantages such as easy corrosion and failure,which are not conducive to the application of TENG in complex environments.Therefore,it is of great significance to continuously explore and develop new materials with excellent triboelectric output and good stability to overcome the application problems of TENG in complex environments.In view of this,this paper mainly focuses on the design of high-performance new materials for TENG and its application in self-powered systems,with a view to making beneficial progress.The specific research content and results are as follows:(1)In this paper,we first explore the application of high-entropy alloy(HEA)materials in TENG.The HEA material in this work was prepared by magnetron sputtering.By adjusting the process parameters of magnetron sputtering,including sputtering current,bias voltage,temperature,etc.,the influence of the above parameters on the film quality and triboelectric output was explored.Comparing HEA with other commonly used Triboelectric materials,the electronegativity of HEA was explored,and it was added to the triboelectric series.The accuracy of its triboelectric series positioning was verified by Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM,measuring the surface potential of the film),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS,measuring the surface work function of the film)and first-principle calculations.To further explore the practicability of HEA,TENG devices are used to harvest mechanical energy,which can directly light up 63 commercial LED lights or charge capacitors.In addition,a wireless self-driven sensing system is designed for finger motion sensing monitoring.(2)This paper also explores the application of TENG in self-propelled antimicrobial system.silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have been widely applied in sterilization due to their excellent antibacterial properties.However,Ag NPs require rigorous storage conditions because their antibacterial performances are significantly affected by environmental conditions.Instant fabrication provides a remedy for this drawback.In this study,we propose a self-powered electrodeposition system to synthesize sub-10-nm Ag NPs,consisting of a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)as the selfpowered source,a capacitor for storing electrical energy from the TENG,and an electrochemical component for electrodeposition.The self-powered system with larger capacitance and discharging voltage tends to deliver smaller Ag NPs due to the nucleation mechanism dominated by current density.Furthermore,antibacterial tests reveal that compared to direct current(DC)electrodeposition,the TENG-based electrodeposition can synthesize finer-sized Ag NPs(<10 nm)with overwhelming antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(with 100%efficiency at 2 h).