Effects Of Porphyra Haitanensis Polysaccharides On Properties Of Three Starches With Different Crystalline

Porphyra haitanensis belongs to the "red hairy vegetable" family,which originated from coastal areas of southern China and is an economic seaweed farmed on a large scale in Fujian Province.In 2022,Fujian Province produced 58,800 tons of laver,ranking second in China,but most of them were crude products with weak deep processing.Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides(PHP)were found to be one of the main components of porphyra haitanensis,which were mainly polysaccharides of sulfate.It is mainly composed of two components: galactan sulfate and glucose-galactan sulfate.Non-starch polysaccharides could significantly improve the gelatinization and retrogradation properties of starch-based foods.At present,the effects of polysaccharides on the properties of starch mainly focused on type A and type B starch,but there were few comparative studies on the effects of the same polysaccharide on the properties of different crystalline starch.Therefore,this study takes PHP as the research object.To investigate the effects of different concentrations of PHP on gelatinization,retrogradation and digestion characteristics of three crystalline starch types(Corn starch(CS),Potato starch(PS)and Lotus seed starch(LS)).The interaction rule of PHP with CS,PS and LS and its influence on the properties of three crystalline starches were expounded.To provide a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction mechanism between polysaccharide and starch and the development of new products of PHP.The main research results of this study were as follows:(1)Effect of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides on gelatinization characteristics of three crystalline starchesTaking PHP as the research object,the effects of different concentrations(0%,0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%)of PHP on the gelatinization and rheological properties of CS,PS and LS were studied,and the gelatinization kinetics equations were established.The results showed that the addition of PHP improved the viscosity of CS and LS,but decreased the overall viscosity of PS.And PHP improved the thermal stability of CS,PS,and LS,accelerated retrogradation of PS.The rheological results showed that the three starch systems were all nonNewtonian fluids.PHP improved the shear thinning resistance of CS,PS and LS,and enhanced the structural recovery of CS and LS.The addition of 0.8% and 1.2%PHP promoted the structural recovery of PS.The addition of PHP improved the structural stability of CS and LS,and enhanced the gel strength of PS and LS.In addition,PHP increased the gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of CS,PS and LS,reduced the gelatinization degree and the rate constant of the gelatinization process at the same temperature of CS,PS and LS,and increased the activation energy of CS and PS.Gelatinization kinetics analysis showed that the addition of PHP delayed the gelatinization process of CS and PS,but promoted the gelatinization process of LS.(2)Effects of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides on short-term retrograde and digestive characteristics of three crystalline starchesTaking PHP as the research object,the effects of different concentrations of PHP on the short-term retrograde and digestive characteristics of CS,PS and LS were studied.The results showed that the addition of all concentrations of PHP resulted in gully and hole-like structure on the surface of CS,which improved the water retention performance;PHP reduced the double helix and single helix of CS and LS and increased the double helix of PS and promoted the conversion of weak bound water and free water of CS into strong bound water and reduced the free water proportion of LS,and also promote the water mobility in PS.With the increasing of PHP concentration,the crystallinity of CS and LS decreased significantly,while the crystallinity of PS increased significantly.The results of laser confocal and fourier infrared spectroscopy showed that PHP and starch had a closer gel structure through non-covalent bond interaction force such as hydrogen bond.These results proved that PHP had the tendency of inhibited the shortterm retrogradation of CS and LS while promoted the short-term retrogradation of PS.The results of in vitro simulated digestion showed that the addition of PHP increased the hydrolysis rate of CS and LS and reduced the ratio of resistant starch(RS),as well as decreased the hydrolysis rate of PS and increased the ratio of RS.(3)Effects of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides on long-term retrograde and digestive characteristics of three crystalline starchesBased on the short-term retrograde study,the effects of different concentrations of PHP on the long-term retrograde and digestive characteristics of CS,PS and LS were studied,and the retrogradation and digestive kinetics equations were established.The results showed that the addition of all concentrations of PHP resulted in the phenomenon of aggregation or overlap and partial holes in CS after 7 days of retrogradation,and the water retention performance was improved.And all concentrations of PHP significantly reduced the double helix and single helix structure in the long-term of CS and LS retrogradation while increasd the double helix and single helix structure in the long-term of PS retrogradation.And also all concentrations of PHP inhibited the water mobility of CS and LS in the long-term retrograde process,and promoted the free water mobility in PS system.With the increasing of the concentration of PHP,the relative crystallinity of CS and LS becomed lower and lower,while the relative crystallinity of PS becomed higher and higher.Moreover,in the long-term retrogradation process,the interaction between PHP and the amylose of PS resulted in the appearance of a new V-shaped crystal structure of PS.Laser confocal and fourier infrared spectroscopy results showed that PHP and starch bonded through non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds,which made the three starches more closely bonded,forming a more dense gel network structure.In addition,retrograde dynamics showed that the addition of PHP could significantly delayed the long-term retrograde of CS and LS,but promoted the long-term retrograde of PS.In vitro simulation results showed that the addition of PHP increased the hydrolysis rate of CS and LS and decreased their RS ratio,and decreased the hydrolysis rate of PS and increased their RS ratio.