Study On The Impact Of Rural Ecological Toilets On Water Environment From The Perspective Of Rural Revitalization

Water resource is the source of life and the basis of realizing material circulation and maintaining ecological balance in nature.Since the rapid development of rural economy from reform and opening,the living standard of farmers has been greatly improved,But village water environments are also threatened greatly as industrialization and urbanization increase.Water environment is closely related to people’s life,so it is indispensable to carry out research on the treatment of rural water environment pollution.The main pollution sources of rural water environment are point source pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution,and agricultural non-point source pollution is mainly composed of agricultural planting pollution,rural living source pollution,livestock and poultry pollution and aquaculture pollution.Under the promotion of policies such as black and smelly water treatment and rural revitalization,point source pollution sources affecting rural water environment have been effectively controlled,but the control of agricultural non-point source pollution is still a big problem.In view of this problem,this paper takes Pingyu County,Zhumadian City as the research object,analyzes the change rule of water quality in small watersheds in the study area,and analyzes the leading pollution sources and major pollutants by estimating the pollutant load of agricultural planting industry,rural living sources and aquaculture industry,and proposes an environmental governance model of small watersheds in rural areas with ecological toilet modification as the center.And take Guosi village of Wanzhong town as an example to calculate the effect.The main research contents are as follows:（1）Using water quality identification index evaluation method to analyze the water quality data of Xiaoqing River from the county section and 7 sections around the urban area,it is found that the overall water quality of the basin has obvious changes,and the water quality basically reaches the Class IV water standard in 2021.There are periodical changes in the water quality of surface water in the basin during the year,which shows that the water quality is the best during the flat water period,and the water quality is worse during the abundant water period and the dry water period.Principal component analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the water quality.The results showed that the nutrient elements produced by human activities,such as N and P,were the main factors affecting the water quality,and agricultural non-point source pollution was the main cause of water quality pollution.（2）Based on the output coefficient method,the total emissions of agricultural non-point source pollution in the study area in 2020 are calculated to be 5.4×10³tons,and the emissions of COD,NH₃-N,TP and TN are 3.4×10³tons,288.04 tons,328.31 tons and 1.5×10³tons,respectively.According to the analysis of equal-standard pollution load method,rural domestic source pollution and livestock and poultry pollution are the leading pollution sources,TP and TN are the main pollutants.Priority should be given to the treatment of rural domestic source pollution,and the discharge and treatment of domestic sewage and feces should be strictly managed.Comprehensive consideration should be given to the joint control and treatment of pollution from livestock and poultry farming,aquaculture and agricultural farming.（3）Considering that the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution is rural domestic source pollution,it is proposed to take the ecological toilet as the breakthrough point,cut the pollution from the source,select the fecal and urine integrated waterless flushing ecological toilet.Biodegradable biofilms were used to pack,seal and collect feces and urine,and transport them by truck.Feces and urine were respectively treated with livestock and poultry feces and straw by aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation,so as to realize the resource utilization of the whole ecological chain,and construct the grey water purification system of village—ecological drainage ditch—ecological pit,ditch—village water system to purify the water quality,ecological recharge the village water system,and improve the water environment.Taking Guosi Village of Wanchong Town as an example,this model will produce 949,000 m³of biogas,4,380 tons of solid bacterial fertilizer,1,189 tons of biogas slurry,and reduced 19 tons of COD pollutants,0.8 tons of NH₃-N pollutants,0.3 tons of TP pollutants and 2 tons of TN pollutants into the water body.