Study On The Transport Of Antiviral Drugs In Environmental Porous Media

Antiviral drugs have been extensively used for the treatment and prevention of viral infections such as pneumonia,influenza,herpes,hepatitis,and HIV.Antiviral drugs are widely used globally and released into the environment along with human metabolites,posing an undeniable risk to algae,water fleas,and fish even at trace levels.Long-term exposure to antiviral drugs and their degradation intermediates can lead to irreversible changes in the virus genome,potentially threatening ecosystems.Therefore,the investigation of the migration behavior of antiviral drugs in environmental porous media is significant for accurately assessing and effectively controlling their ecological risks.This study aimed to investigate and analyze the pollution distribution characteristics of six antiviral drugs in the water environment surrounding Taihu Lake.The study also analyzed the factors affecting the migration of antiviral drugs in the porous media.The study further explored the migration behavior of antiviral drugs in paddy soil,sediment,and sludge,respectively.Analyze the effects of plasticizers represented by DEP and persistent organic pollutants represented by PFOA on the migration process and results of antiviral drugs.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）In the inlet and outlet water of sewage treatment plant A,six antiviral drugs were detected with concentrations of 1020.0-2461.9 ng/L and 212.8-693 ng/L,respectively.The detection rate of abidol was over 99%.Three antiviral drugs including ribavirin,arbidol,and ritonavir were detected in the inlet water of sewage treatment plant B,with the removal efficiency more than 77%.In the Wangyu River,five antiviral drugs were detected with a concentration range of 0.1-6.2 ng/L and the detection rates of ribavirin,oseltamivir,and abidol reach 100%,Four antiviral drugs were detected at the entrance of the Taihu Lake,with the concentration range of 0.1-3.3 ng/L,and the detection rates of oseltamivir and abidol reach100%.In the Liangtang River,three antiviral drugs commonly coexist with DEP and PFOA,the concentration of antiviral drugs is 0.6-49.7 ng/L,and the concentration range of PFOA and DEP is 28.8-49.7 ng/L and 3.2-15.1 ng/L,respectively.（2）The migration ability of these drugs was found to vary with ribavirin demonstrating the strongest migration ability followed by favipiravir,oseltamivir,ritonavir,remdesivir,and arbidol.Antiviral drugs show strong migration ability under alkaline conditions.In the range of p H 3 to 11,the migration ability of ribavirin,favipiravir,oseltamivir,and remdesivir increases with the increasing p H,The drugs mobility ability enhanced with the increase of ionic strength while IS range from 1.5 m M to 90 m M in the Na Cl solution.Comparing to the Na⁺,The divalent cation Ca²⁺has a significant migration blocking effect on antiviral drugs.（3）The migration behavior of antiviral drugs in paddy soil,sediment,and sludge is different.Favipiravir and oseltamivir showed the strongest migration capacity in the sludge,followed by sediment and paddy soil,respectively.This is mainly affected by the particle size of the media.The sludge is mainly composed of sand particles with large voids,which is conducive to the migration of drugs.However,the paddy soil has a higher content of powder particles and strong ability to adsorb and retain drugs.Ribavirin and remdesivir had high breakthrough concentration in paddy soil,while their breakthrough was slower in sludge,possibly due to the high organic matter content.The penetration time of ritonavir in sediment columns was earlier,but the final breakthrough concentration was lower.During the experiment,abidol was completely trapped in all three media and failed to break through.（4）The co-migration of ribavirin and PFOA in quartz sand was not significantly affected under compound pollution conditions;The migration of remdesivir has been promoted to a certain extent,but the breakthrough was delayed;The co-migration of DEP was inhibited by remdesivir.In paddy soil,the existence of DEP and PFOA can inhibit the migration of ribavirin and remdesivir,and promote the migration of ritonavir.Ribavirin has a slight promoting effect on the migration of DEP,while ritonavir has a significant delaying effect on the migration of DEP;Ribavirin has no significant effect on the migration of PFOA,while in the case of co-transport of other pollutants,the migration of PFOA is inhibited to varying degrees.