Effect Of Whole Soybean Milk On Improving Lipid Metabolism

A high-fat and high-energy diet has gradually become norm for people.Research have shown that long-term high-fat diet can lead to a series of lipid metabolism disorders such as hyperlipidemia,obesity,and hyperglycemia,becoming a serious social public health problem.At present,statins,bile acid chelators,and niacin derivatives are common drugs for treating lipid metabolism disorders.Although existing treatment strategies have shown certain effects,they have significant toxic side effects.Therefore,it is urgent to clarify the pathological mechanisms of lipid metabolism disorders from a new perspective and to develop safe and effective interventions.In recent years,research has found a close relationship between gut microbiota and host lipid metabolism.The gut microbiota helps the body obtain nutrients,affects the storage of energy and lipids,which further participates in body metabolism,maintains intestinal microbiota stability,and enhances immune function.From this,it can be seen that regulating the gut microbiota to improve lipid metabolism disorders may be an important intervention strategy.Soybeans are rich in various nutrients,including basic nutrients such as amino acids,fatty acids,vitamins,minerals,as well as functional bioactive substances such as soybean isoflavones,dietary fiber,peptides,and phospholipids.Research report that soybeans have functions such as maintaining intestinal microbiota balance,lowering blood lipids,and regulating lipid metabolism disorders,which play an important role in promoting human health.Soybean milk is the main consumer goods in the breakfast market in China.The traditional dregs-free soybean milk is widely loved because of its delicate taste,low cost,simple process and other advantages.However,the dregs-free soybean milk has lost a lot of nutrients while improving the taste.At present,there are few studies on the nutrient differences of soybean milk obtained by different treatments and its intervention effect on lipid metabolism,and its mechanism of action has not been clarified from the perspective of gut microbiota.Therefore,this study used whole soybean milk,peeled soybean milk and dregs-free soybean milk as raw materials,compared the differences among three kinds of soybean milk from the content of basic nutrients and functional ingredients,and explored the improvement effect of three kinds of soybean milk on the disorder of lipid metabolism induced by high-fat diet in mice,clarified its regulating mechanism,and provided scientific basis for the promotion and application of whole bean soybean milk.(1)Using Anhui soybean as raw material,the basic nutritional components of three kinds of soybean milk were detected.The whole soybean milk was prepared by wet ultrafine grinding technology;The peeled soybean milk was prepared by wet ultrafine grinding technology after soybean peeling;The dregs-free soybean milk was prepared by traditional pulping and filtration.The results showed that the content of soluble solids,total dietary fiber,soybean isoflavones,amino acids and mineral elements in whole soybean milk was significantly higher than that in peeled soybean milk and dregs-free soybean milk,which indicated that the content of multiple nutrients and functional components in whole soybean milk was higher than that in peeled soybean milk and dregs-free soybean milk,and had more abundant nutritional value.(2)To further investigate the effect of whole soybean milk on human gut microbiota,studied whole soybean milk by in vitro gastric and small intestine digestion as well as colonic fermentation followed by 16 s r DNA sequencing of the fermentation broth from different intestinal segments,and determine the content of short-chain fatty acids.The results indicate that whole soybean milk,after gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation,can significantly increase intestinal microbial community richness and species diversity;at the phylum and genus levels,it can change the composition of intestinal microorganisms,enhance the activity of metabolic enzymes,improve the body’s own lipid metabolism,and increase the body’s ability to synthesize and metabolize nutrients;at the end of fermentation,the content of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid in the fermentation broth was significantly higher.(3)To investigate the effects of three types of soybean milk on improving lipid metabolism by daily gavage in mice with high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders.The results showed that compared with the other two kinds of soymilk,whole soybean milk could significantly reduce liver coefficient and blood glucose value in mice,and effectively improve lipid metabolism and liver function;whole soybean milk is also more effective in improving liver fat accumulation caused by high-fat diet,reducing the size of fat cells,improving the body’s antioxidant stress status,and regulating the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the AMPK pathway and cholesterol metabolism pathway,it also significantly increased the expression of tight junction protein in the intestine of mice,which prevented LPS from entering the portal circulation and reaching the liver,further inhibiting the activation of NFκB signaling pathway and preventing the development of inflammation.After 16 s r DNA sequencing analysis of mouse feces,whole soybean milk can be more effective in increasing intestinal microbial community richness and species diversity compared to other soybean milk,changing intestinal microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels;significantly elevating the levels of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acidIn conclusion,compared with peeled soybean milk and dregs-free soybean milk,the whole soybean milk retains the nutrients in soybeans to the maximum extent,and can regulate the gut microbiota to promote the production of SCFAs and improve the intestinal barrier,which in turn inhibits the NFκB pathway and activates AMPK and cholesterol metabolic pathway,thereby inhibiting inflammation and improving lipid metabolism.