Separation And Purification Of Ginseng Residue Sugar Components And Its Effect On Aging Mouse Skin

Ginseng has the traditional functionality of being flat,sweet,slightly bitter,and slightly warm,and is attributed to the lung and spleen meridians.Current studies on the biological activities of ginseng polysaccharides include the following aspects:antioxidant,antitumor,hypoglycemic,and regulation of the human immune system,but less research has been conducted on the skin care properties.In this study,the ginseng residue was used as the raw material for the separation and purification of its sugar fraction,and the nature,structure and in vitro and in vivo skin care properties of the isolated fraction were investigated,aiming to provide a new strategy for the reuse of ginseng residue and lay the foundation for the development and application of the acidic and neutral fractions of ginseng polysaccharides in the field of skin care.The main research contents are as follows:(1)The sugar fraction(GSR)of ginseng residue was separated and purified,and the acidic fraction(GAP)as well as the neutral fraction(GNP)were separated using a DEAE-52 ion chromatography column,and the basic components and their structures were determined.The total sugar content of GAP was 43.9%and the total sugar content of GNP was 50.2%.The average molecular weights of GAP and GNP were 12.7 k Da and 1.15 k Da,respectively.α-D-glucopyranose was identified as the conformation of GSR and its isolated fraction by infrared spectroscopy,while GAP contained aldehyde groups and was identified as an acidic sugar.The major monosaccharide components constituting GNP were glucose,arabinose and galactose,and the major monosaccharide components constituting GAP were arabinose,gluconate,rhamnose,glucose,galactose and galacturonic acid.Under the scanning electron microscope,GSR,GNP were tightly bound masses;GAP was more dispersed and showed large aggregated flakes.the XRD results showed that GSR and its isolated components were non-crystalline powder with low crystallinity.The rheological analysis showed that GSR,GNP and GAP all exhibited shear thinning behavior.The solubility of both GAP and GNP was enhanced after the separation and purification.(2)In vitro skin care properties of GSR and its isolated fractions were investigated.The in vitro antioxidant capacity,moisture absorption and moisturizing capacity,and whitening and acne-fighting capacity of GSR and its isolated fractions were measured.The results showed that the order of moisture absorption rate was GNP>GSR>GAP at 43%and 81%ambient humidity,and the order of moisture retention rate was GNP>GSR>GAP at RH=43%and completely dry conditions.the results of tyrosinase inhibition ability measurement showed that GNP had more significant inhibition ability of enzyme activity at low dose,while GAP had better inhibition effect at high dose.GNP had better scavenging ability for DPPH and ABTS~+radicals,up to 91.9%and66.5%,while GAP had better scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions,up to 42.5%and 61.2%,both of which were better than GSR,GAP did not inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis,and the minimum inhibitory concentration for S.aureus was 0.25 g/m L and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 0.5 g/m L.(3)In vivo skin care properties of GAP and GNP in D-gal senescence mice.In this part,we used D-gal to stimulate oxidative stress in vivo in mice to establish a skin aging model and systematically evaluated the in vivo anti-aging efficacy of GAP and GNP.The results showed that GAP and GNP could be shown by body weight and organ indices to restore the trend of weight loss due to modeling and to have an ameliorative effect on improving lung aging atrophy.The observation of skin morphology illustrated that GAP and GNP could reduce skin texture,with GNP having a more significant effect.The determination of HYP,MDA content,T-SOD,CAT,GHS-Px activity and T-AOC capacity in the skin of aging mice showed that GAP and GNP significantly reduced the oxidation level in mice and resisted skin aging.Pathological analysis of skin staining by HE,Masson and Sirius showed that both GAP and GNP ameliorated dermal thinning,collagen fiber disorder and type I collagen fiber reduction caused by D-gal.By measuring inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor TNF-αin mice serum,it was determined that GAP and GNP could reduce the inflammatory response in aging mice in vivo.In addition,the pathological observation of major organs and the determination of liver and kidney function in mice showed that GAP and GNP did not produce significant toxic side effects in mice during the intervention process and showed good biosafety;they could also improve the elevation of liver glutamate transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)caused by aging as well as the decrease of Kidney metabolism and detoxification ability.It has a promising application and potential as a beauty food.