| Ecosystem services are the environmental conditions and effects formed by ecosystem to maintain human survival and development.Understanding the evolution of ecosystem services and promoting the development of ecosystem services in a favorable direction are of great significance to regional ecology,security and sustainable development.Jiawang District of Xuzhou,once a century-old coal city,was listed in the third group of national resource-exhausted cities in 2011.In recent years,Xuzhou has accelerated its green transformation,constantly promoted the land reclamation and ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence areas,and the ecological environment has developed in a good direction.However,the characteristics of eco-environmental change and the development direction of ecological security are not clear enough.Based on the In VEST model,key ecosystem services in Jiawang District were assessed,and the spatial distribution and evolution of ecosystem services were analyzed.Spatial patterns of ecosystem services were analyzed from the perspectives of spatial autocorrelation,tradeoffs and synergies,spatial clustering,and landscape pattern correlation.Based on the assessment results of key ecosystem services,the minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory are used to identify and optimize the ecological security pattern.The research results can provide a decision-making reference for clarifying the characteristics of eco-environmental changes,optimizing the ecological security layout,and promoting ecological security and sustainable development of ecosystem services in Jiawang District.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the total carbon storage decreased by 299.98 kt,the average habitat quality decreased from 0.558 to 0.515,the total soil conservation increased by60.12 kt,and the total water production increased by 74567.45 kt.Among them,carbon storage and soil conservation showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,water production gradually increasing,and habitat quality gradually decreasing.The assessment results of ecosystem services showed some differences in spatial distribution and direction of evolution.The areas of high value for ecosystem services are mainly concentrated in Dadong Mountain,Pan ’an Lake National Wetland Park and Bulao River.From 2000 to 2020,the expansion of construction land,the reclamation of subsidence area,the establishment of Pan ’an Lake National Wetland Park and the change of rainfall in Jiawang District have brought about significant changes in regional ecosystem services.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the key ecosystem services in Jiawang District showed spatial agglomeration,the global spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I of various ecosystem services increased,and the local spatial autocorrelation was mainly high-high and lowlow aggregation.There are trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in general,mainly distributed in the central,southwest and southeastern parts of Jiawang District.From 2000 to 2020,the functional zoning of ecosystem services included ecological balance area,ecological decline area,soil conservation area,ecological fragile area,ecological damage area,forest conservation area and wetland conservation area,and there are changes and updates of some functional areas.Carbon storage,water production and habitat quality were correlated with landscape pattern indicators,with correlations in 2010-2020 being opposite to 2000-2010 and stronger than in 2000-2010,mainly affected by the expansion of construction land and the land reclamation.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the area of ecological sources in Jiawang District increased significantly,but the number of patches decreased significantly.The distribution of ecological resistance surfaces changed little,and the area of high resistance value was located in the center of the main urban area.The resistance value decreases gradually as moving away from the urban area.The distribution pattern of ecological corridors changed from more in the west and less in the east to more balanced.The number and total length of corridors decreased,and the connectivity between ecological sources improved.The area of obstacle areas increased first and then decreased,and the areas with high improvement scores were concentrated in the southwest area and the surrounding area of the main urban area.The decrease in the number and total area of corridors leads to the gradual decrease in the number and area of ecological "pinch points".In order to optimize the ecological security pattern in 2020,the important ecological sources and ecological sources of connectivity are divided,the key obstacle areas and protected areas of corridors are identified,and the corresponding suggestions and measures to optimize ecological security pattern are proposed. |
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