Construction Of Ecological Database And Ecological Relationships Study In Large Coal Mining Areas

Mining areas are special geographical places derived from resource extraction activities,and their ecosystems are an organic whole that affects human activities and natural resources and the environment.A series of mining activities of mineral resources will act on water,soil,vegetation,atmosphere and other ecological elements,if the ecological environment of the mining area is left unchecked for a long time,it will produce ecological environmental risks such as vegetation degradation and decline of ecosystem service functions,and ultimately limit the sustainable development of the mining area,so the monitoring of the ecological environment of the mining area is particularly important.However,the ecological monitoring data of mining areas often has many problems such as data fragmentation,low resource integration,and poor information sharing,which makes it difficult to describe and analyze dynamic changes of the structure,function of the ecosystem in mining areas,and cannot meet the needs of management of mining ecosystems.Therefore,it is necessary to build an ecological database of mining areas to realize unified storage and management of data,and to study the coupling relationship between elements and co-evolution according to multisource ecological environment data.Taking the Shendong mining area as an example,this study integrates the ecological environment data of the mining area in recent years,constructs a unified,standardized ecological database,and then conducts information extraction and data mining to grasp the synergy relationship of key ecological and environmental factors in the mining area.The main findings are as follows:(1)For the construction of the ecological database in the coal mine area,firstly analyzed the needs of the ecological database in the mine area,combined with the characteristics of ecological environment data: large volume and variety,diverse sources,complex data structure and strong spatial variability,and clarified the necessity of constructing the ecological database in the coal mine area and the characteristics and functions of the database.Secondly,the organization of ecological data in the coal mine area was completed through the selection of data model,processing of classified multisource ecological data and the design of data tables and E-R diagrams,and finally,the various ecological data collected and organized as well as the thematic data of ecological management projects from field research were imported into the database,completing the establishment of the ecological database in the mine area and realizing the storage management function of the database,which can provide decision support for future ecological management projects.It can provide decision support for future ecological management projects.(2)Vegetation,a key eco-environmental element in the mining area,was selected and monitored for a long time,and the changes in space and time were analyzed to grasp the spatial and temporal evolution of vegetation in the Shendong mining area;then the data mining software WEKA was used to perform correlation analysis and cluster analysis among eco-environmental elements based on Apriori algorithm and Kmeans algorithm,and the results showed that NDVI had a good positive correlation with soil moisture and precipitation,and a negative correlation with altitude,and altitude had a negative correlation with precipitation,soil moisture and NDVI.(3)On the basis of the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of vegetation,eight indicators including natural background conditions,climatic factors and human factors were constructed,and the dominant factors of vegetation change and the interaction,indicator role and significance differences of vegetation change in Shendong mining area were analyzed by using geographic detector model.First,the q value of annual average precipitation and soil type was large,so the average annual precipitation and soil type were the main influencing indicators of vegetation NDVI change in Shendong mining area.Then,the change of vegetation NDVI in Shendong mining area was affected by multiple factors,and the relationship between the influencing factors was enhanced.Last,the most suitable precipitation range for vegetation improvement was388.9～394.6mm,and the soil type of calcareous rudimentary soil had a good effect on the improvement of vegetation NDVI in Shendong mining area.(4)The geographically weighted regression model was used to fit and compare and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the coefficient values of each influencing factor and the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation NDVI in Shendong mining area.NDVI and its influencing factors belong to geospatial data,with spatial autocorrelation,and the effect of using GWR model is more ideal than that of OLS model,In addition,Annual average temperature and annual average precipitation are the dominant factors in most areas of the study area,the southern part of Shendong mining area is mainly affected by the average annual precipitation,and the northwest is affected by the average annual temperature,and the average annual precipitation is always positively correlated with vegetation changes.There are 23 figures,24 tables,and 136 references in this thesis.