Spatial Distribution Patterns Of Airborne Microbial Communities Of Atmospheric Particulate Matter And Research In North And South Xinjiang

Microorganisms in the atmosphere have a critical impact on atmospheric chemistry,atmospheric nucleation,ecosystem interactions and global climate,it can attach themselves to atmospheric particulate matter and enter the human body in a number of ways,adding a greater risk to the health risks posed by particulate pollution.The Xinjiang region has unique climatic characteristics and geographical location.The geographical characteristics and natural environment of the cities of Shihezi and Yining in northern Xinjiang differ markedly from those of Tumushuk in southern Xinjiang.The microbial communities in PM_2.5,PM₁₀and TSP in the three cities were characterised by 16S r DNA and 18S r DNA at the species and genus levels,and the top 15 microbial communities in terms of abundance were selected for analysis to investigate their impact on the ecological environment and human health.The main findings of this study are as follows:In the analysis at the microbial species level,Brevundimonas vesicularis was the most dominant bacterial species in all seasons,and Cladosporium allicinum was the most dominant fungal species in all seasons,and both species belonged to the most dominant genus in all seasons.The distribution pattern of the dominant bacteria in the northern Xinjiang city of Yining and Shihezi was similar in the three seasons of spring,autumn and winter,in contrast to Tumushuk where the dominant microorganisms were distributed differently in most of the samples from the remaining two cities,with Bacillus spp.The shannon indices for bacteria were spring>autumn>summer>winter,and for fungi summer>autumn>winter>spring,and the diversity of fungi was lower than that of bacteria,and most of the bacterial TSP samples were more diverse than PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in different particle sizes.For the analysis of the factors affecting each atmospheric microorganism,it was found that the dominant genera in each season have a connection with each other,which may present an inhibiting or promoting effect to achieve a change in the microbial community.In addition,the influence of environmental factors on microorganisms is also important,and it was found that the influence of T,RH and WS on microorganisms is very important,but for different air quality the influence of each meteorological factor on each sample is significantly different,for example,under the excellent grade T,RH and the samples of Shihezi mostly show a positive correlation,but under the polluted weather the samples show a negative correlation with T and RH.The trajectories of air masses and potential sources of atmospheric particulate matter were analysed for each city in different seasons.All cities are strongly influenced by air masses that are transported over short distances,and air masses with larger clusters are more likely to provide large amounts of atmospheric particulate matter,in addition to being influenced by the monsoon in all seasons.Screening and analysis of the pathogenic bacteria in each season revealed 22 known pathogenic species,most of which are not highly infectious to humans and animals in hazard class III,with Rickettsia being the only pathogen with a strong infectious effect in class II.