| Healthy soil has always been the cornerstone of green agricultural development,but the direct application of a large amount of waste that has not been disposed of harmlessly can lead to soil problems.In addition,the excessive use of fertilizers in farmland soil can lead to a series of soil quality problems,such as gradual acidification of the soil,low organic matter content in the soil,and excessive heavy metals.This article takes Tongliang,Chongqing,as the research area,and analyzes the current situation of farming and soil quality issues in Tongliang based on farmers’research.It also uses the airflow membrane aerobic fermentation composting technology to treat the waste generated from large-scale breeding and breeding bases,and uses the decomposed organic fertilizer products in surrounding vegetable fields to explore the impact of airflow membrane aerobic composting products on the pepper lotus white rotation system.Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023,Clarify the efficiency of waste resource utilization,soil organic matter improvement,vegetable yield and quality,and economic benefit evaluation under this planting and breeding cycle mode,innovate the ecological cycle mode of combining planting and breeding,improve the efficiency of resource utilization,reduce agricultural non-point source pollution,and cultivate healthy soil,providing a reference model for promoting agricultural green development in Tongliang and even the entire Chongqing.In this composting experiment,2 treatments were set up,including chicken manure mixed with tail vegetables and biochar added;In the field experiment,four treatments were set up,namely CK（single fertilizer treatment）,FP（farmers’habit treatment）,OF（chicken manure and tail vegetable self made fertilizer treatment）,and OFBC（chicken manure and tail vegetable+2.5%biochar treatment）.The main research results are as follows:（1）The average p H of Tongliang soil is 7.2,belonging to neutral soil,and the average organic matter content is 25.7 g·kg-1,belonging to medium level.The soil organic matter content needs to be improved;The surplus of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients in soil is serious,and the heavy metals Cd and As in vegetable soil exceed 11.23%and 15.89%,respectively.Currently,the utilization rate of agricultural wastes in Tongliang is low.The livestock and poultry stock in2019 was 490000 pig equivalent,the animal load per unit of cultivated land area was 7.8 pig equivalent per hectare,and the nitrogen and phosphorus loads per unit of cultivated land area were41 kg·hm-2 and 16 kg·hm-2,respectively,lower than the European Union standard.In 2019,the carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure contaminated land in Tongliang was 1.11 million pig equivalent and 1.54 million pig equivalent based on nitrogen and phosphorus,respectively;The soil carrying capacity index of livestock and poultry manure is calculated as 0.44 based on nitrogen and 0.32 based on phosphorus,both of which are less than 1,indicating that the land in this region has a high potential for absorbing livestock and poultry manure.（2）Research on aerobic composting with airflow membrane,adding biochar treatment（EG）can increase the heating rate and temperature peak of compost.The decomposition rate of organic matter in EG treatment was faster,and the total organic carbon content in EG treatment was significantly higher than that in CK treatment at the end of composting（P<0.05）;The EC value of EG treatment was significantly lower than that of CK treatment（P<0.05）,indicating that biochar could significantly reduce the soluble salt content of compost.The total nitrogen of CK treatment decreased by 10.5%,the total nitrogen of EG treatment increased by 1.65%,the content of ammonium nitrogen significantly decreased by 10.15%,and the content of nitrate nitrogen significantly increased by 8.94%（P<0.05）.Compared with CK treatment,EG treatment decomposed earlier,with GI greater than 70%on the 33rd day of both treatments,at which time the compost had already decomposed;Compared with CK treatment,EG treatment significantly increased the content of humic acid by 7.55%（P<0.05）.（3）In this field experiment,the treatment of self-made organic fertilizer products after the fermentation and ripening of air flow membrane aerobic composting has significant yield increase effects on pepper.Compared with FP and CK treatments,OFBC treatment can significantly increase yield by 14.4%and 33.3%,respectively.Compared with FP and CK treatments,OF treatment can increase yield by 3%to 35.2%;Compared with OF treatment,OFBC treatment can significantly reduce the nitrate content of pepper by 22.1%to 22.3%,and significantly reduce the nitrate content of lotus white by 18.2%to 24.4%;Compared with OF treatment,CK treatment significantly reduced the nitrate content of lotus white by 4.2%to 11.6%.Compared with OFBC treatment,CK treatment increased soil organic matter content by 30.6%to 131%,and increased soil carbon sequestration by7.5 t·hm-2 to 31.7 t·hm-2.Compared with FP treatment,OFBC treatment significantly increased soil organic matter content by 76.7%,and increased soil carbon sequestration by 24.1 t·hm-2;Compared with CK treatment,OFBC treatment increased nitrogen and phosphorus content,and decreased soil available potassium content by 9.1%to 11.8%.（4）In this study,the net income of OF treatment in the pepper lotus white rotation system increased by 39.1%to 48.2%compared to CK treatment,and increased by 12.1%to 35.0%compared to FP treatment.The net income of OFBC treatment was lower than CK treatment and FP treatment,and the net income of OF treatment was 2.49 times that of OFBC treatment;The highest return on investment of OF treatment in the pepper lotus white system is 246%-291%,while the lowest return on investment of OFBC treatment is only 18%-55%.The return on investment of OF is 7.36 times that of OFBC,indicating that the economic benefits of biochar investment in vegetable soil are relatively low.In summary,self-made organic fertilizer using air flow membrane aerobic composting technology can improve the content of soil organic matter,vegetable yield,and quality in the vegetable system,and can improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce production costs.At the same time,it can also improve vegetable production income.These results have led to innovative planting and breeding integration models in Tongliang and even the entire Chongqing,green and recycling resource utilization of waste,and the cultivation of healthy soil in the vegetable system Green production and quality improvement of vegetables have important reference significance. |
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