Preparation Of Self-supporting Electrodes And Their Application In Electrochemical Degradation Of Pollutants In Wate

Water pollution from a range of contaminants has emerged as one of the most pressing ecological and environmental issues in the world today due to the quick expansion of agriculture and industry.Nitrate and antibiotics,two highly common contaminants,have had a significant negative impact on the quality of water.Traditional wastewater treatment methods are challenging to use effectively,and the use of electrochemical technology to break down and transform pollutants in water has drawn significant attention from academics both domestically and internationally due to its benefits of simplicity of use,environmental friendliness,and lack of secondary pollution.The fabrication of high-performance electrode materials is essential to achieving electrochemical degradation and transformation of pollutants because the type of electrode material used in electrochemical technology is crucial.The majority of electrode materials used today are in powder form that is impregnated,coated,etc.to adhere them to the substrate material.In actual use,they are simple to lose and come off,which is not good for long-term recycling.The electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia and the electro-Fenton breakdown of sulfamethoxazole in water both used two different types of self-supporting electrode materials.The material is characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis（XRD）,comparative Surface area（BET）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and other techniques.The particular steps are as follows:（1）By direct hydrothermal doping of nickel on copper foam substrates and in situ tellurization of the materials,self-supported bimetallic composites（Te-Ni OOH/Cu）were produced.The performance of ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic reduction of nitrates was examined,as well as the impacts of various reducing agents on the shape and structure of the materials.The study discovered that the Te-Ni OOH/Cu-1 electrode,created using hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the reducing agent,achieves the optimal ammonia production efficiency by reducing 5 m M Na NO₃solution in 0.5 M Na₂SO₄electrolyte with a voltage of-0.49 V_RHEand a p H of 7.The resulting ammonia production rate is 0.05217mmol/h·g,or 96.78%of Faraday’s efficiency.But after four rounds of testing,the material degrades due to its weak cyclability.（2）A more environmentally friendly natural wood block was selected as the predecessor,taking into account the material’s cyclic stability and preventing material leaking from harming the environment.A simple physicochemical activation process was used to create the self-supporting carbon electrode material.The findings demonstrate that both self-supported carbon electrodes include numerous long,straight channels,but the KOH-activated AIPC has significantly better material mobility and electrical conductivity compared to the IPC because of its higher hydrophilicity and specific surface area.With68%nitrate conversion and 69%ammonia selectivity at the ideal reaction circumstances,it thus has stronger electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis activity,and the reaction effect is non-degradable after 6 h cycles.（3）In order to broaden the use of a self-supported carbon electrode,an electro-Fenton system was set up with a platinum sheet acting as the anode and a self-supported carbon electrode acting as the cathode.The resulting H₂O₂then reacted with the added Fe²⁺to produce·OH for the electro-Fenton degradation of sulfamethoxazole（SMX）.AIPC performs better as a cathode material for the two-electron oxygen reduction process to produce H₂O₂because of its large specific surface area,well-developed pore structure,and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface.The electro-Fenton system was built as a result,using AIPC as the cathode and sulfamethoxazole as the pollutant.Under the conditions of an initial voltage of-0.226 V_RHEand a p H of 3,sulfamethoxazole could be completely removed within 60 minutes.The elimination effect caused by SMX may still approach 95%after 4 cycles of testing,while the removal rate of TOC was still over 70%.