Effects Of Compound Vegetable Enzyme On Intestinal Microflora And Metabolites In Healthy Human

Enzyme products are functional products with natural vegetables,fruits,mushrooms,seafood,traditional Chinese medicine as raw materials,probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast as starter,and primary and secondary metabolites produced by microbial growth and metabolism as nutrients.With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,enzyme products are gradually favored by the majority of consumers,and the enzyme industry has developed rapidly in recent years.There are about 100 trillion microbial cells in the human gut,which is the most easily ignored important organ in the human body.Intestinal flora interacts with human beings and is closely related to human health.The intestinal flora of healthy people is mainly affected by diet,exogenous probiotics,exogenous antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.Many animal models have proved that compound fruit and vegetable enzymes can increase the abundance of intestinal flora and balance intestinal flora.But few studies have been conducted on the related effects of enzyme products on human.Therefore,this paper discusses the effects of continuous intake of compound vegetable enzymes on intestinal flora and intestinal metabolites in healthy people without exogenous antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of enzyme industry.The main results are as follows:(1)The differences of nutritional quality index,enzyme activity,organic acid,antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation between compound vegetable enzyme and other five kinds of enzyme products were analyzed.The results showed that the compound vegetable enzyme was rich in nutrients,and the contents of total sugar and total phenol were 45.98±0.04 mg/m L and 251.16±0.09μg/m L,respectively.Its p H,soluble solids and total amino acids are similar to those of other enzyme products on the market;its lipase content,SOD enzyme content and protease content are similar to those of other enzyme products on the market,and are in the middle to upper level;compound vegetable enzyme contains seven types of rich organic acids,such as lactic acid,ascorbic acid,and so on,and the relative content is high;through the total reducing power,DPPH free radical The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the compound vegetable enzyme was in the middle of the market products by analyzing the scavenging rate,hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate and ABTS~+free radical scavenging rate;the compound vegetable enzyme had good acceptability in color,tissue morphology,flavor,taste and taste,and had high sensory cost performance.Overall,the comprehensive cost performance of compound vegetable enzyme is high,which represents the current level of enzyme industry to a certain extent.(2)Taking healthy people as the test objects,the fecal samples of the subjects were taken on the 0 day(day0 group),7 day(day7 group)and 14 day(day14 group)respectively.During the test,the questionnaire of daily intake was filled in to explore the diversity and community composition of the fecal samples of healthy subjects before and after ingesting the compound vegetable enzymes.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the actual number of bacteria,community richness,community diversity,community uniformity and community genealogy diversity in fecal samples(P>0.05).The total microbial species obtained by analyzing all fecal samples are as follows:1 domain,1 kingdom,15 phylums,22 classes,57 orders,104 families,286genera,544 species,3647 ASV.Among them,the dominant bacteria(>0.1%)were:Firmicutes,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Fusobacteriota and Desulfobacterota.Among them,the dominant bacteria(>0.1%)are Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Megamonas,Blautia,etc.According to the structure of the dominant bacteria group,the group can be divided into two types at the level of door taxonomy for typing analysis.From the analysis of the composition of the type,it can be seen that most people’s gut flora structure is affected by the enzyme.(3)The fecal samples of the experimental subjects were taken to analyze the difference between the two groups and the overall flora.The results showed that there were significant differences in Firmicutes and Bacteroidota between day0 group and day7group,day7 group and day14 group(P<0.05,the same below),and there were significant differences in Desulfobacterium between day0 group and day14 group.At the level of genus taxonomy,there are 26 genera with significant difference between day0 group and day7 group;19 genera with significant difference between day0 group and day14 group;33 genera with significant difference between day7 group and day14 group.Only Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were significantly different in the taxonomic level.At the level of genus taxonomy,there are 20 genera with significant differences,which are Bacteroide,Blautia and Eubacterium＿hallii＿group and so on(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that there were 16 microbial groups(LDA>2),such as Monoglobus,Bacteroides,Blautia,etc.Among the microbial groups(LDA>4)which have great influence on the effect of species richness,there are two genera:Bacteroides and Blautia.(4)In the case of excluding the daily diet,to explore the correlation between the consumption of compound vegetable enzymes and significant changes in intestinal flora.The db-RDA correlation analysis was used to analyze the related factors,and then Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the flora.It was found that daily intake of carbohydrate,protein,lipid and calorie did not cause significant changes in the abundance of intestinal microorganisms at the phylum and genus taxonomic level(P>0.05).Through the db-RDA correlation analysis of related factors,and then using Spearman correlation coefficient to analyze the flora,the drinking or not of compound vegetable enzyme has a significant correlation with microbial species abundance.At the phylum taxonomic level,only Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were significantly correlated.In the level of genus taxonomy,there is a significant correlation with 14 genera such as Streptococcus.It can be seen that in the short term,due to the intake of compound vegetable enzymes,Firmicutes and Bacteroidota had significant changes at the phylum level,and in the genus level,8 genera such as Monoglobus had significant changes directly.In the long term,the changes were smaller than those without experiment.(5)The number of typical probiotics,Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in feces was measured by plate counting method.The number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the feces of the subjects had an increasing trend,but the change was not significant(P>0.05).(6)The contents of short chain fatty acids,total bile acids(TBA)and secretory immunoglobulin A(SIg A)in fecal samples were determined to determine the changes of intestinal metabolites before and after the intake of compound vegetable enzymes.It was found that only acetic acid content in fecal samples increased significantly in a short time,and then recovered as before(P<0.05).There were no significant changes in the contents of propionic acid,butyric acid,total short chain fatty acid(total acid=acetic acid+propionic acid+butyric acid),total bile acid and secretory immunoglobulin A(P>0.05).