Preparation And Dyes Adsorption Properties Of Porous Organic Polymers Based On Different Microstructure Molecules And Cyanuric Chloride

With the increasing demand of society and industrialization,a large amount of industrial wastewater（such as heavy metals and organic dyes）is continuously discharged into the ecosystem.This has caused pollution of aquatic ecosystems and poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health.Adsorption is considered to be the best method to remove pollutants by virtue of its simplicity of operation and wide range of application.Porous organic polymers（POPs）are a new class of porous materials formed by covalent bonding of organic rigid structural units.Because of their adjustable pore size and structure,high porosity and large specific surface area,as well as the advantages of insoluble skeleton and high thermal stability,which are not easy to decompose and produce secondary degradation products,they are considered to be a highly promising pollutant adsorbent in water.However,the existing POPs materials still have certain limitations,such as low efficiency in removing pollutants from aqueous solutions and not good reduction of pollutant content.Therefore,in this thesis,POPs and their organic dyes（rhodamine B（Rh B）,malachite green（MG）,and Congo red（CR））were prepared from molecules with different microstructures and melamine（CC）as raw materials for the adsorption performance study,as follows:（1）A series of amorphous POPs（HPPCs）were prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction under anhydrous Al Cl₃ catalysis using polystyrene（PSF）foam waste and CC as initial raw materials.Among them,HPPC-3 had the highest BET of 719.2 m² g^-1 and a pore volume of 1.01 cm³ g^-1.HPPC-3 exhibited excellent organic dye adsorption capacity(up to 2354 and 1332 mg g^-1 for Rh B and MG,respectively),and the adsorption behaviors were in accordance with the Langmuir model and the Pseudo-second-order models.The adsorption efficiency of HPPC-3 can still be maintained at different p H conditions or in the presence of other coexisting ions（over 85%under different p H conditions;over 90%under coexisting ions）,which has a strong anti-interference ability.Mixed dye experiments（mixed solutions of Rh B/MO,Rh B/CR,Rh B/MB,MG/MO,MG/CR and MG/MB）showed that HPPC-3 exhibited excellent Rh B and MG selectivity.The cycling experiments showed that HPPC-3 could maintain more than 85%removal efficiency after three cycles.The adsorption mechanism of HPPC-3 was elaborated by the results of zeta potential,FT-IR analysis,and pore size analysis.In addition,the HPPCs exhibited a good iodine vapor adsorption capacity of up to 188 wt%,indicating a comprehensive capacity.（2）A series of POPs（TPA-CC-x）were prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction using 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyladamantane（TPA）and CC as the initial raw materials and catalyzed by anhydrous Al Cl₃.Characterization by FTIR,XPS,SEM,TGA and BET showed that the synthesized TPA-CC-x had high thermal stability.TPA-CC-1 had the highest BET up to 1169 m² g^-1 and the corresponding pore volume was 0.74 cm³ g^-1.The results of dye adsorption experiments showed that TPA-CC-1 had excellent dye adsorption properties(The adsorption amounts of Rh B and MG could reach 2864 and2065 mg g^-1,respectively),and the adsorption behavior was in accordance with the Langmuir model and the Pseudo-second-order model,respectively.Under different p H conditions and temperature conditions,TPA-CC-1 could still have an extremely strong resistance to interference,and the adsorption behavior was a spontaneous heat absorption process.The results of cycling experiments showed that TPA-CC-1 could still maintain more than 90%removal efficiency after three cycles.The adsorption mechanism of Rh B and MG of TPA-CC-1 was investigated with the help of the results of zeta potential,FT-IR analysis and pore size analysis.（3）A series of porous organic polymers（TPC-CC-x）were prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction using triptycene（TPC）and CC as initial raw materials and catalyzed by anhydrous Al Cl₃.The resulting polymers were characterized using IR,XPS,SEM and BET,among which TPC-CC-4 showed the highest BET up to 1327 m² g^-1,corresponding to a pore volume of 1.10 cm³ g^-1.The results of dye adsorption experiments showed that TPC-CC-4 exhibited extremely good dye adsorption properties(up to 3190,2000 and 2230 mg g^-1 for Rh B,MG and CR,respectively),and the adsorption behavior was in accordance with the Langmuir model and the Pseudo-second-order model,respectively.Under different temperature conditions,TPC-CC-4 could still maintain a very high removal efficiency and the adsorption behavior was a spontaneous heat absorption process.The cycling experiments showed that HPPC-3 could still maintain more than 85%removal efficiency after three cycles.