Study On Degradation Of Chemical Warfare Agents Simulants By Mechanical Energy Self-driven Plasma

Chemical warfare agents（CWAs）,with their high toxicity,simple preparation,and low manufacturing cost,were widely used on the battlefield in the 20th century and developed into various types.Even now,they are frequently used by criminals as chemical weapons to threaten public safety.Low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma,as a new emerging green and efficient technology,has great potential for application in the decontamination of CWAs.However,traditional plasma devices are bulky,expensive,and not portable.To address these issues,this study proposes the use of a triboelectric nanogenerator（TENG）to induce low-temperature plasma for decontaminating various CWAs simulants.The specific research approach and results are as follows:（1）TENG-induced air plasma decontamination of mustard gas simulant and mechanism study:A method of stimulating the TENG powered by a paper strip independent rotating triboelectric nanogenerator（ps-r TENG）has been proposed to achieve high voltage output and to solve the technical problem of producing plasma at low pressure and low frequency.With this power source,needle-plate discharge in the air was successfully excited,and the plasma discharge characteristics and micro-parameters were characterized under three output modes（AC,negative DC,and positive DC）.Efficient decontamination of CWAs simulant 2-CEES was achieved,and the reasons for the difference in decontamination effect under different discharge modes and the decontamination mechanism were revealed.The results showed that the decontamination effect was the best under the negative DC mode,and the decontamination rate of 40μL 100 mg/L 2-CEES could reach more than 99%within 2 min.Further characterization confirmed that the negative DC and AC modes produced more high-energy electrons and reactive particles,which explained why they had better decontamination effects.The study demonstrated the feasibility of a self-driven plasma decontamination system for CWAs simulants,providing an efficient,green,and portable new path for their decontamination.（2）Study on the influence of gas environment on the efficiency of plasma decontamination of 2-CEES:A mechanical energy self-powered plasma generation system was constructed using a dielectric-dielectric rotating triboelectric nanogenerator（dd-r TENG）to investigate the efficiency and degradation mechanism of plasma decontamination of 2-CEES in four gas environments（Air,Ar,Ar/O₂,and Ar/O₂/H₂O）.By using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical probe diagnostic methods,the dominant reactive species and concentrations were identified for each gas environment.Results showed that OH dominated in Ar/O₂/H₂O plasma,active O_x（O₃,O₂^-,¹O₂,etc.）dominated in Ar/O₂plasma,and more reactive NO_xwere generated in air plasma.Among the four gas environments,Ar/O₂and Ar/O₂/H₂O plasma showed significantly higher decontamination efficiency compared to other gas environments,while Ar plasma showed almost no decontamination effect.Combined with plasma simulation,detection of reactive species concentrations,and analysis of decontamination effects,it was found that active oxygen played a major role in the degradation of 2-CEES in this system.Active O_xpromoted the oxidation of 2-CEES,while OH reduced overoxidation.The electron energy in this system was found to be too low to have any significant effect on the degradation of 2-CEES.（3）Study on broad-spectrum decontamination of CWAs simulants by mechanical energy self-driven plasma:Mustard gas simulant 2-CEES,VX simulant Malathion,and Sarin simulant DMMP were used as decontamination targets to investigate the broad-spectrum decontamination capability of mechanical energy self-driven plasma against different CWAs simulants.The results showed that the decontamination rate of2-CEES reached 100%within 3 min after plasma treatment,while the decontamination rates of Malathion and DMMP only reached 65.92%and 60.88%,respectively,after 7 min.Malathion and DMMP were more difficult to be decontaminated compared to 2-CEES due to the stability of the P=S and P=O bonds.As the concentrations of the three simulants increased,the decontamination rates gradually decreased.