Characteristics And Emission Reduction Measures Of Domestic Raw Coal Combustion Leakage

This study presents laboratory test results on fugitive emission characteristics of household coal stoves in rural China.The purpose of this study is to understand how fugitive emisions influence household air pollution and to develop practical control measures to improve indoor air quality and protect the health of rural residents.Thus,fugitive emissions from popular household coal-fired stoves in rural China were measured to assess their characteristics and how they are influenced by fuel type,the structure of the combustion chamber and air supply of different types of household heating stoves.The experimental results show that the concentration of fugitive emissions from burning raw coal in hand-fired stoves were highest the fuel feeding stage with CO and PM_2.5accounting for 53.49%-56.42%and 41.65%-47.80%of the total fugitive emissions,respectively.The use of clean coal reduced PM_2.5emission factor by 84.13%-89.71%,but increased CO emission factor by 17.36%-110.74%.Overall,the CO fugitive emission rates from burning all three widely promoted coal types in rural China were within the World Health Organization’s（WHO）global air quality guidelines,but PM_2.5fugitive emission rates from burning bituminous coal were higher.Burning clean coal balls in hand-fired stoves reduced PM_2.5emissions by86.06%-93.24%but increased CO emissions by 40.62%-67.15%.The use of automatic control stoves can effectively reduce CO and PM_2.5fugitive emissions.Compared with loose coal,the CO and PM_2.5fugitive emission factors of the three types of briquette fuels decreased by 78.53%-96.75%and85.59%-98.19%,respectively,and the fugitive emission rate decreased by86.90%-93.63%and 95.09%-97.17%,respectively.The use of clean fuels andimproved stoves in tandem produces CO and PM_2.5fugitive emissions rates that meet the WHO recommended guidelines.The induced draft in automatic control stoves significantly influenced combustion and indoor and outdoor emissions.The stove’s thermal efficiency increases when actual air supply is double the theoretical value;thereby decreasing emissions of indoor and outdoor pollutants.Because the combustion rate varies significantly in different combustion stages,and the required air volume fluctuates with the combustion process,the study also found that during the ignition,combustion,and burnout stages,the volumes of the supplied and required air matched whenαis 1,2,and 1.5,respectively.This observation resulted in reduced smoke and fugitive emissions.In summary,this study explored the impact of fuel type,the structure of the combustion chamber and air supply of household heating stoves on fugitive emission characteristics in rural China.The results can help in developing practical control measures to improve indoor air quality and protect the health of rural residents in China.