Treatment And Comprehensive Utilization Of Tobacco Waste By Earthworm Composting In Lichuan Area

Tobacco waste is a solid waste generated by the tobacco industry and disposed of ad libitum is very likely to cause environmental problems such as soil degradation from tobacco plant soils,contamination with agricultural area type materials,and deterioration of environmental quality in rural areas.The tobacco waste contains nicotine,and the fiber structure is difficult to break down and carries a large number of tobacco diseases and diseases,resulting in its harder resource use and an annual tobacco waste production of more than 5 million tons.Therefore,it is currently the research focus and difficult point in academia to make efficient resource utilization.The treatment methods include direct return to field,piles decay,extraction of medicinal reagents and so on,but there are problems such as tedious processes,high cost of treatment,high environmental impact and difficulty in scale-up.Because earthworm composting technology is greener,easy to handle,and has high utilization,it provides new ideas for the resource utilization of tobacco waste.This paper intends to explore the potential value of using earthworm compost on the disposal capacity of tobacco waste and the obtained vermicompost as fertilizer for cultivating tobacco seedlings by studying the property changes of the pile during waste treatment with different ratios,and to provide a theoretical basis for the innocuous treatment and comprehensive utilization of tobacco waste.First,three kinds of organic solids,including cow manure,Bacteroides,and tobacco waste,were used to explore the effects of different ratios of tobacco waste after humific fermentation of the heaps on the domestication（survival,development,and reproduction）of earthworms,and the results show that the domestication and propagation of earthworms are better when the waste ratios were lower than 50%.Earthworm composting treatment was then performed to explore how the basic physicochemical properties（p H,EC,organic matter,total N,available P,fast acting K）changed during earthworm composting.The results show that earthworm composting with unchanged environmental conditions promotes p H stabilization,organic matter decomposition,and increases the amount of N,P,K elements in the compost.At 30%waste ratio,the pile p H is between6.5-7.5,the organic matter content of the reactor decreased by 22.31%and the available potassium content reached 13.30g/kg.The effective potassium increased by 56.09%after the introduction of cake fertilizer.Using earthworm compost to treat tobacco waste can change the physical and chemical properties of compost and make it reach the standard of organic fertilizer.Next,the treated vermicompost,a product of tobacco waste,was used as a tobacco nursery substitution substrate to explore its effects on the development of tobacco seedlings at different stages,root morphology,biomass,and the failure to thrive index at the seedling stage.The results show that the nurturing effect of tobacco seedlings is improved with decreasing waste contents,and better nurturing effect is achieved with vermicompost matrices at 30%waste ratios:the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings is increased by 0.47%compared with the conventional treatment matrices,and the growth and development status of tobacco seedlings reached the conventional substrate nurturing level;After 50 days of nursery,the number of root tips of the substitution matrix reached 497 per seedling,the root surface area,root volume increased by35.86%,78.52%respectively,and the failure to thrive index of the seedlings eventually reach201.36×10^-3。Finally,the vermicompost obtained from vermicompost treatment of tobacco waste was applied to tobacco plant soils as a base fertilizer,and the effects on soil physicochemical properties before and after tobacco planting under different base fertilizer conditions were examined.The results show that the application of vermicompost based manure to fuming soil based manure can effectively improve soil physicochemical properties.When the application of manure with 30%waste vermicompost ended in tobacco planting,the p H of the soil stabilizes around 6.20,The content of available phosphorus increased by 1.51mg/kg,and the content of available potassium reached 54.21mg/kg.The participation of cake fertilizer made available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 1.42mg/kg and 1.58mg/kg on the original basis.