| Due to their unique structure and excellent physicochemical properties,hydrogels have a significant role in environmental engineering,water retention materials,medical dressings,drug delivery carriers,wound healing,body-worn sensors and many other fields.However,with the advancement of practical applications,traditional hydrogels are becoming increasingly difficult to meet the needs of people.In this paper,the mechanical properties of traditional hydrogel catalyst carriers are poor and difficult to recycle,and the mechanical properties of hydrogel composites are optimized by synthesizing different types of silica microspheres.On the one hand,silica core-shell microspheres（SiO2@PBA）toughened composite hydrogels were used as carriers for nanoparticle catalysts for the catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol（4-NP）in wastewater pollutants to improve the catalytic efficiency and recycling times of hydrogel catalysts;on the other hand,silica-amino microspheres（SiO2-NH2）were used to optimize the mechanical properties of conductive hydrogels.The optimization of the mechanical properties and the use as a flexible electronic sensor,endowing the hydrogel with its own adhesion properties,freeing it from the dependence on auxiliary tools,introducing a conductive medium and improving the conductive properties of the hydrogel,the PAM/SiO2-NH2/Ker composite hydrogel was prepared to explore its feasibility in the application of sensors.The specific work has two parts as follows:Part Ⅰ:High toughness and high strength hydrogels prepared with ionic liquids（ILs）and acrylamide monomers as the main chain and silica core-shell microspheres as the toughening agent.The prepared hydrogels possess good tensile strain（up to 6263%strain）and mechanical properties（tensile strength of 126 KPa）,as well as a toughness of 348 KJ/m3.The unique three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel can stabilize and immobilize the nanometallic particles more uniformly.The hydrogel has a catalytic reaction coefficient of0.203 and can completely catalyze the degradation of p-nitrophenol within 15 minutes,with a loss in catalytic efficiency of less than 10%after 15 cycles of catalysis.The good stability of the prepared composite hydrogels played a crucial role in the catalytic degradation cycle of 4-NP.Thus,P（AM/ILs）-SiO2@PBA/Pd composite hydrogels with high toughness are expected to play a greater role in catalysis.Part Ⅱ:A highly tough composite conductive hydrogel was finally successfully designed and prepared by free radical polymerization using acrylamide as the monomer,inorganic salts as the conductive medium,combined with different contents of keratin and the introduction of silica amino microspheres.The tensile strength of the prepared PAM/SiO2-NH2/Ker composite hydrogel was 566 KPa and the tensile strain was 10651%,and the conductivity of the hydrogel was enhanced by the introduction of lithium chloride with an electrical conductivity of 20 m S/cm,and the strain factor（GF）of the composite hydrogel was about 13.43.The adhesion strength of the composite hydrogel was able to reach 510.9 N/m.The prepared PAM/SiO2-NH2/Ker composite hydrogel provides a new strategy for flexible conductive hydrogel sensors. |
