| With rapid development of energy storage technology,the operation of portable and wearable devices is inseparable from high energy density power supplies.One of the mostly studied energy-storing devices is supercapacitor,which exhibited impressive features such as high energy/power density,long cycle life,efficient charging/discharging,etc.Similar to the conventional energy storage devices,the electrode materials played a pivotal role in supercapacitive energy storage.Compared with traditional electrode materials,porous carbon materials,due to their high specific surface area,ideal electrochemical stability and open porosity to electrolyte ions,have exhibited much higher capacitance in practical applications.Heteroatom/Metal oxide doping is one of the most commonly used modulation strategies for carbon materials,usually resulted in charge redistribution caused by the difference in electronegativity between heteroatoms and carbon atoms.This uneven electron distribution produces active sites different from traditional carbon skeletons,which may lead to structural distortion and changes in electronic structures.Upon such doping,physical and chemical properties of these porous carbon materials can be tuned and good performance in electrochemical energy storage can be expected.However,most reported heteroatom doped carbon materials are in a powdery form,which often lead to the addition of adhesives and/or other additives during the preparation of working electrodes.The addition of these additives may cause several drawbacks including:（1）reduce the loading density of active materials per unit area;（2）block the porous structure of carbon materials and restrain the electrolyte transmission rate along with the mutual transfer of electrons in the system;（3）in the process of device operation,side effects are inevitable.These drawbacks have greatly weakened the energy density of supercapacitors.In this study,we applied our previously reported electrostatic cross-linked porous poly（ionic liquid）s（PILs）membranes with embedded 1,3,5-trimesic acid（H3BTC）as carbon precursors and obtained an integrated carbon electrode with hierarchical porous structure.Under the current density of 5m A cm-2,the areal specific capacitance of this carbon electrode reaches up to 26 F cm-2.Furthermore,after 10000 cycles of cyclic charging and discharging,96%of the original capacitance value of this carbon electrode can still be retained,showing excellent electrochemical performance.In order to expand the narrow electrochemical window of carbon material derived from pure PILs membrane,Co and P was introduced into the system.The introduction of Co and P can also enhance the energy/power density of the integrated carbon electrode.We use the carbon electrode as the negative electrode and the Co/P-containing carbon electrode as the positive electrode.In the two-electrode system,the electrochemical window can reach 1.2 V in 1 M H2SO4.We further selected gel electrolyte and assembled two electrodes（carbon electrode and Co/P-containing carbon electrode）to obtain an all-solid-state supercapacitor.At a power density of 3.01 m W cm-2,the energy density reaches as high as 0.74 m Wh cm-2,reflecting an excellent energy storage capacity.In addition,this paper mainly introduces the composition,mechanism,classification of supercapacitors,as well as the structural types,physical and chemical properties,along with application scenarios of PILs.The preparation methods of PILs-derived heteroatom doped porous carbon membrane and their applications in supercapacitors are briefly described,and the broad development potential and application prospects of PILs-derived carbon materials are summarized. |
