| With the rapid development of China’s cold chain logistics market,the demand for refrigerated transport of fresh products has grown rapidly.However,the resulting environmental impact has also received more attention.The national"14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Cold Chain Logistics"clearly states that"cold chain logistics has a high level of energy consumption and faces the outstanding contradiction of scale expansion and carbon emission control."As a cross-cutting branch of cold chain logistics and transportation,the low-carbon development of refrigerated transport is imminent.Therefore,this paper takes refrigerated trucks,an essential basic equipment of refrigerated transport,as the entry point for research and uses the life cycle assessment theory as a guide to sort out the development characteristics of refrigerated trucks and build a carbon emission assessment model for the whole life cycle of refrigerated trucks.The model takes into account the different participating subjects and different life stages of the refrigerated truck supply chain,calculates the carbon emission results by taking a typical light refrigerated truck as an example,conducts sensitivity analysis of critical factors,and analyses the low carbon development path of the refrigerated truck in combination with the cold chain low carbon development technology.The relevant results of the study can provide reference and decision support for the low-carbon development of refrigerated trucks.The main work of this paper is as follows:（1）The paper analyzes and researches the carbon emission of a refrigerated truck and compares the definition of carbon emission concepts,measurement standards,and the life cycle assessment theory and literature at home and abroad to lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of the carbon emission model of refrigerated trucks;furthermore,it also analyzes and summarizes the development characteristics of refrigerated trucks in China,to provide a reference basis for the subsequent model construction and data inventory collection.（2）Based on the whole life cycle evaluation theory,the research scope of refrigerated trucks was determined from three aspects:system boundary,vehicle technology boundary,and geographical boundary,and the carbon emission assessment model of refrigerated trucks was systematically constructed,which thoroughly considered the whole life cycle activities of refrigerated trucks,including production,transportation and installation,operation and maintenance,and end-of-life recycling.The carbon emissions at different stages came from the supply chain of refrigerated trucks.At the same time,in terms of the main influencing factors,the degree of influence of the internal and external factors of the system,such as the load mass utilization factor,driving fuel consumption,refrigerant,refrigeration temperature,comprehensive ambient temperature,and energy carbon emission factor,on the carbon emission level of refrigerated trucks is considered.（3）The carbon emission calculation was carried out on the example of refrigerated trucks used by XGX Group,a large cold chain logistics enterprise in Guangdong Province,considering both the manufacturing,recycling,and processing enterprises of refrigerated trucks.Taking the light refrigerated truck as the benchmark of the assessment,the results show that:under the benchmark working conditions,the carbon emission of the light refrigerated truck is 571.1 g CO2e/（t·km）;from the different stages,the most significant contribution to carbon emission is in operation and maintenance stage;from the specific parts,the refrigerated truck body is the primary source of carbon emission,but the environmental impact of refrigerant is also not negligible.A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters shows that the carbon emission level of a light refrigerated truck can be reduced by 77.2%when the load factor is increased from 0.5 to 1.2;the energy consumption in operation and maintenance phase is the primary source of carbon emission contribution,and the cleanliness of energy production has a more significant impact on the carbon emission level of the system;the integrated ambient temperature and refrigeration temperature mainly affect the carbon emission level of the system by influencing the energy consumption of refrigeration in the operation and maintenance phase.The analysis points out the lightweight design of refrigerated trucks,the improvement of energy efficiency in refrigerated trucks,the selection of low GWP refrigerants,the reduction of refrigerant leakage rate,and the promotion of clean energy production can reduce carbon emissions of refrigerated trucks to different degrees.（4）In the context of the national"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"policy,the urgency of the low-carbon development of the cold chain is emphasized,and recommendations for the low-carbon development of light refrigerated vehicles are put forward accordingly.It also proposes low-carbon development measures such as the rapid promotion of refrigerated electric trucks,clean energy production,and the application of cold storage refrigeration systems.Finally,by setting up different low-carbon development scenarios,including the no emission reduction scenario,light emission reduction scenario,medium emission reduction scenario,and enhanced emission reduction scenario,the changes in annual carbon emissions and total annual carbon emissions of light refrigerated vehicles under different scenarios are analyzed.The need to continuously strengthen control measures and promote technological breakthroughs is analyzed to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The analysis shows that continuous strengthening of control measures and technological breakthroughs are needed to achieve the low-carbon development goal of China’s light refrigerated vehicles in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. |
