Synthesis And Performance Of 4,6-Dinitroamino-1,3,5-Triazin-2-One And Its Energetic Salts

4,6-Dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-one is an energetic material which can be used in military and civilian fields.The detonation and sensitivity properties of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-one are more superior than HMX.Low yield and easy hydrolysis are main defects that restricts the application of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-one.In order to broaden its application field,the synthesis process and energetic salts of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one was systematically studied.The nitration product obtained by nitrifying melamine with mixed system of nitric acid and anhydride is confirmed as 4,6-dinitramine-1,3,5-triazine-2-one by structural characterization.A comparison is made between nitrification systems such as nitric acid,nitric acid ammonium nitrate,nitric acid acetic anhydride ammonium nitrate,and nitric acid acetic anhydride,which shows that the nitric acid-acetic anhydride system is the best choice for the synthesis of 4,6-dinitramine-1,3,5-triazine-2-one.In the nitric acid-acetic anhydride system,the effect of means of adding mode on yield is studied,indicating that effect of first dissolving melamine in fuming nitric acid and then adding acetic anhydride dropwise is better.The optimal process for synthesizing 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one is obtained by single factor and orthogonal experiments.The molar ratio of melamine,nitric acid and acetic anhydride is1:50.82:22.86,the reaction temperature is 30℃,the reaction time is 4 hours,and the highest yield is 87.11%.In order to solve the problem of easy hydrolysis of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one,its lead salts,copper salts,and magnesium salts are synthesized.The structures of these three energetic salts are determined by chemical analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction.The comparative study of hydrolysis performance shows that the hydrolysis stability of energetic salts is better than that of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one.The thermal stability of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one and three energetic salts is studied,which shows that the thermal stability of copper salts and lead salts is better than that of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-one,and copper salts have the best thermal stability.The mechanical sensitivity of 4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-one and three energetic salts is studied,and the results show that the sensitivity of the three energetic salts is better than that of4,6-dinitroamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-one,and the copper salts have the lowest sensitivity.