Synthesis Of Porous Nanostructures For Efficient Resource Utilization And Study Of Their Surface Adsorption Propertie

Adsorbent materials could adsorb substances in sewage that are harmful to humans,animals and plants,such as heavy metal ions,organic pollutants,and acid-base dyes.Adsorbent materials show good performance in wastewater treatment.Since the adsorption material is expensive and the regeneration is difficult,the cost is high.Therefore,the current research focus is how to prepare low-cost and renewable adsorbent materials.This paper mainly introduces two different adsorption materials from two aspects,which can achieve low cost and achieve the effect of waste treatment and energy saving and emission reduction.One is to add NaHCO₃ and calcium carbide slag during the activation and modification of fly ash to prepare a fly ash aluminosilicate-based adsorbent,which is used to remove methylene blue from the solution and to extract aluminum from fly ash.The effects of different amounts of NaHCO₃,calcium carbide slag,roasting temperature and roasting time on the removal of methylene blue and the leaching of aluminum were reported.Second,the nano-structure-MgO adsorbent was prepared by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method.For adsorption of NH₃and HCl decomposed by NH₄Cl,the effects of nano-MgO adsorbent,nano-MgO and NH₄Cl molar ratio and temperature on ammonia and chlorine release rates at different calcination temperatures are reported.By means of XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、ICP、BET and other characterization methods,the surface structure and morphology of the adsorption materials were comprehensively analyzed,and the performance was evaluated.After designing the orthogonal test to optimize the experimental parameters,the best experimental conditions were determined.The amount of aluminosilicate adsorbent in fly ash,NaHCO₃ and carbide slag was 5.0 g,3.5 g,and 6.0 g,respectively（the mass ratio was 1:0.7:1.2）,the roasting temperature was 850℃,and the roasting time was 2h.Under the condition,it showed relatively excellent adsorption performance.The removal rate of methylene blue in the solution is above 93.27%,and the extraction rate of aluminum ions reaches 65%.After the control of nano-MgO precursor and proper temperature calcination,the nano-MgO adsorbent at 120-450℃ has a large surface area,many active sites,and fast ammonia and chlorine release rates.The molar ratio to NH₄Cl is 3:1,When the ammonia release temperature is 300℃ and the chlorine release temperature is 600℃.