| The implementation of the new urbanization,poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies has brought new challenges to the protection and development of rural settlements in the vast ethnic minority areas.Taking Chongqing ethnic minority area(four counties and one district)as the research object,Using the ENVI remote-sensing image processing software and the ArcGIS space analysis tools,Through landscape index analysis,spatial structure analysis and field visit research,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements in this region occurred from 1980 to 2018;By constructing the CA-Markov model,On the basis of analyzing the evolution characteristics of Chongqing ethnic minority areas(four counties and one district)from 2000 to 2018,The rural colony pattern in 2028 in the study area was predicted,The Moran index was used to analyze the evolution of the colony overall spatial distribution patterns between 2000 and 2028;It is represented by Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County,Factors influencing the evolution of rural settlements were analyzed.With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,rural infrastructure construction has been accelerated,and the living environment has been significantly improved.Changes in rural features have greatly affected the protection of traditional rural settlements in ethnic minority areas.On the basis of ecological security pattern,the optimization of settlement landscape pattern was studied,the rural settlement in ethnic minority areas in Chongqing was divided into four optimization types,combined with the settlement layout type and ecological security protection pattern,discussed the direction and strategy of settlement pattern optimization,and put forward relevant countermeasures for rural settlement protection.result display:(1)From 1980 to 2018,the number of settlement patches and the total area of rural minority areas in Chongqing kept increasing,the plaque density showed a downward trend,and the overall spatial distribution pattern of settlements tended to be more scattered.The rural settlement form of ethnic minority areas in Chongqing is clustered,and the aggregation trend is very significant,and the distribution of rural settlements in some areas of the study area is more closely developed with time.The rural colony core density value in Chongqing is relatively stable,and the colony form is mainly mass and strip.(2)According to model prediction,the overall layout of rural settlements in Chongqing did not shift significantly from 2018 to 2028,0.9999 km~2 rural settlements into cultivated land,woodland,grassland and waters,0.0214 unused land into rural settlements;2018,20 Ⅰ index will continue to increase to 1.441,Z score by 1.602,the correlation is still significant,and the study area will continue to cluster in 2028.(3)Rural settlements are distributed along roads and transportation hubs,low mountain landform area with slope less than 25°,1 km from river and 100 m from cultivated land;population,economic,traditional culture and national policy support are also the basis of settlement evolution.To deeply explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural minority settlements in Chongqing,and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting rural revitalization,building a beautiful countryside,poverty alleviation and prosperity,and maintaining social stability.(4)Priority given to the renovation type.A total of 25.035 km~2 of such rural settlement plots were used,accounting for 86.797%of the total scale.According to the analysis of the characteristics of rural settlement landscape layout in the research area,such settlement layout is scattered,generally small in scale and fragmented plaques.The protection and construction of ecological corridors and nodes in the area should be strengthened,so as to connect the broken habitat and enhance the ecological connectivity.Limit expansion.This kind of rural settlement land is rich in water resources,good agricultural production conditions and suitable for living and production areas,a total land is 3.158 km2,accounting for 10.949%of the total scale of rural settlement.The existing number of rural settlements in this area is small,the scale is small,and the infrastructure construction is not perfect.The expansion and land use scale of rural settlements in the area should be limited,so as to prevent its expansion to the internal ecological conservation area,so as to improve the residents’production and living standards and regional livability.Moderate construction.This kind of settlement scale is small,and the infrastructure is perfect,with a total land area of 0.481 km~2,accounting for 1.668%of the total scale of rural settlements.We should fully tap its sorting potential,transform the existing villages,and constantly improve the supporting facilities,so as to make the spatial layout of rural settlement space more coordinated and reasonable.Key development.This type of rural settlement area is 0.169km~2,accounting for 0.586%of the total rural settlement area.The settlements near to the town should be gradually incorporated into the urban management system,and focus on the development of settlements with superior location,power force and strong economic radiation,to attract the surrounding scattered settlements concentrated in the area,and reasonable layout of rural settlements.(5)Using the minimum accumulation index model,the ecological environment quality of each township in Shizhu County was comprehensively evaluated,the key industries were empirically analyzed,and five industrial development models suitable for the development of Shizhu County were proposed.Traditional settlements are threatened by extinction,commercialization,foreign culture shock,and ecological degradation.Traditional settlements face the threat of extinction,commercialization,foreign cultural impact and ecological deterioration;take measures combining local protection and relocation protection to maintain the original settlement to the maximum extent,and carry out characteristic tourism while relying on local characteristics.The analysis and prediction of the evolution of rural settlements in Chongqing ethnic areas can provide a reference for the protection and development of traditional rural settlements in this area and improve the rural living environment. |
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