Application Of Transition Metal Materials In Electrochemical Detection Of Glucose

With the flourishing development of industrial society,human recipes have witnessed a less-to-more and coarse-to-fine evolution.So far,over-ingestion of sugars such as starch,glucose,and sucrose have courted dire health complications,particularly the type 2 diabetes.Glucose can be easily assimilated directly or indirectly and thus becomes the archcriminal responsible for pertinent maladies.The acute anxiety over sugars has drawn forth the advent of both ketogenic diets and sugar-free foods as a remedy to the carbohydrate over-intake.Yet,a large number of people cannot accurately discriminate between sugar-free foods due to lacking of information and expertise.Hence,real-time monitoring of both blood sugar concentration and sugar content in food critically matters to ameliorate the resident’s diet habits as well as life quality.Nowadays,multifarious glucose detection technologies have been contrived,but they still suffer from some lethal drawbacks like high technical threshold,complex equipment,poor timeliness and low sensitivity.In this context,the nascent electrochemical detection tool has ensued.The electrochemical glucose sensor can not only elude using biological enzymes but also visualize the nexus of glucose content with current response via the in-situ inspection of the electron activity around the surface of electrode materials.Thus,glucose electrochemical detection boasts the merits of long stability,elevated sensitivity,and high environmental adaptability.This thesis innovates the electrocatalyst loading mode,optimizes synthetic conditions,and also implements actual detection of sugar level of retail foods.The thus-developed electrode materials deliver superior electrochemical properties of glucose sensing to traditional detection technologies.The detailed study comprises:（1）The facile electrodeposition avenue is leveraged to uniformly rivet the Au nanoflower array over the nickel foam substrate.The resulting Au@Ni composite electrode can well function for the electrochemical sensing of glucose oxidation by virtues of the highly revamped electroactivity of nickel substrate.In addition,the KOH concentration effect upon glucose sensing is mechanistically dissected.Combined electrochemical characterizations including CV,EIS,and i-t tools are deployed to illustrate the glucose electro-oxidation performance,a good linearity within the low-level glucose range being spotted.（2）With the intention of improving the electrocatalytic efficiency via raising the exposure of electrode materials to glucose molecules,Au nanoparticles are homogeneously plated on the self-supporting Co₃O₄ nanosheet array.The thus-prepared Au@Co hybrid electrode endows a high glucose sensitivity of 2544μA·m M^-1·cm^-2,reliable synthesis reproductivity,and compelling anti-interference against KCl,Na NO₃,urea,Na Cl,ascorbic acid and sucrose.More profoundly,its response to the sugar level in the actual beverages is render immediate and rapid,heralding the huge commercial application outlook.（3）Inspired by the in-situ reaction-courtesy virtues of high electronic conductivity,large active area,tight connection to materials,and so forth,succinct molten salt erosion enables the operando assembly of Ni Fe-LDH over nickel foam substrate within 1 minutes.Subsequently,the self-supported Ni Fe-LDH encounters a rapid replacement reaction of Fe ions with Au ions via simply immersion in low-concentration HAu Cl₄·4H₂O solution.The Ni@Ni Fe composite product can well inherit the pristine geometric structure and afford a wide linearity range of 0-2.8 m M,appealing sensitivity as high as 5002μA·m M^-1·cm^-2,and ultralow detection limit of0.06μM.Significantly,during the realistic detection,the Au@Ni Fe electrode is made electrocatalytically inert to various sugar-free beverages but highly responsive to the sugary drinks,revealing its extraordinary anti-poisoning,resistance to interference,and detection efficiency.To sum up,this paper recapitulates the current status and key challenges of electrochemical glucose detection,and put forwards our innovative electrode materials engineering strategy towards excellent non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors.Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by metabolic disorders,and the number of cases is increasing rapidly worldwide.Scientific dietary intervention can effectively control blood glucose,is an important means to prevent and control type 2 diabetes.The traditional homologous crop of medicine and food in China,whose name is Tartary buckwheat has remarkable effect to lowering blood sugar and blood lipid.Tartary buckwheat is the main material in this study,in order to develop a Tartary buckwheat fermented beverage,there are many processes including raw material screening,fermentation and blending.The physical and chemical properties of the beverage were determined to establish the quality standard of Tartary buckwheat fermented beverage,and the hypoglycemic effect of the beverage was determined through pharmacological experiments.The main results are as follows:...