| The number of obese people in the world surpassed 1 billion in 2022,of which China’s obese population ranks first in the world,and more than half of Chinese adults are overweight or obese.Eating energy-intensive foods that are high in sugar and fat but lack dietary fiber and being sedentary are key factors contributing to the global obesity epidemic.In recent years,great changes have taken place in China’s diet structure,from a highcarbohydrate diet to a high-sugar and high-fat diet,accompanied by excessive nutrition.Many research have found a link between overweight or obesity and low fertility or even infertility in men.However,under the high-sugar and high-fat diet,there are few studies on how to improve the male reproductive damage caused by obesity.Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G)is a kind of flavonoid compound with hypoglycemic,anti-inflammatory and strong antioxidant activities.Studies have shown that C3G can improve sperm quality and protect fertility.Reproductive damage caused by chemical toxicants can be improved by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species,regulating the secretion of testosterone,repairing antioxidant system,reducing apoptosis expression and protecting blood-testis barrier.In view of this,this study prepared C3G with high purity based on the previous separation and purification method of the research group,combined with the animal model of high-sugar and high-fat diet,to explore the effect of C3G intervention on obesity and reproductive damage induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet,and further analyze its potential pathway and mechanism.The main contents and results of this paper are as follows:(1)The high-sugar and high-fat obesity model was established with 60% high fat diet and 10% fructose in drinking water.Male mice showed a significant increase in body weight,up to 42.0g,and the level of fasting blood glucose was above 8.0 for a long time,which led to the formation of insulin resistance and other signs of obesity,while after the intervention of C3G,the body weight growth rate of obese mice decreased significantly by 20.6%.The fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly by 40.8%,the peak area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance decreased by 29%,and the serum triglyceride level decreased by39.9%.The level of serum uric acid decreased significantly by 23.6%,indicating that anthocyanin can effectively improve the metabolic disorder caused by high-sugar and highfat diet.(2)In addition to metabolic disorders,high-sugar and high-fat diet is also accompanied by male reproductive damage,including a significant decrease in sperm motility,a significant decrease in sperm viability and a significant increase in deformity rate.After C3G intervention,sperm motility increased significantly by 25.1%,sperm viability increased by 27.3%,sperm deformity rate decreased by 30.7%,Johnsen’s score increased by 3.5%,seminiferous tubule cavitation was reduced,lumen thickness increased by 10.83%,fructose content in testicular tissue increased by 67.6%,lactate dehydrogenase activity increased by 40.2%,and pregnancy rate increased by 40%.The results showed that C3G could improve the metabolic disorder caused by high-sugar and high-fat diet and alleviate male reproductive damage at the same time.(3)Obesity induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet decreased the expression level of SMCP,SPAG6 in genes related to sperm motility in testis,but after the intervention of C3G,the expression level of AKAP1,SMCP,SPAG6 gene was increased,and the expression level of SMCP gene was significantly increased.(4)The results of Proteomic sequencing showed that there were 135 differential proteins in testis of Model group compared with Control,but after C3G intervention,the number of differential proteins decreased by 44 compared with Model group,and there were still 67 differential proteins compared with Control group,indicating that C3G intervention can effectively improve reproductive damage induced by high-sugar and highfat diet,but there are still some differences compared with Control group.The above results indicate that C3G can effectively improve obesity and male reproductive damage induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet.This animal model combines the high-sugar and high-fat diet model,which is more in line with people’s diet pattern in recent years,that is,the increased intake of high-calorie fried foods and soft drinks.Secondly,combined with Tandem Mass Tag(TMT)proteomics technology,this study was the first to explore the effects of natural food-derived anthocyanins on male reproductive damage induced by obesity and its intergenerational effects,so as to provide research basis and technical support for future research and nutritional intervention of anthocyanins in male reproductive damage caused by obesity and metabolic disorders. |
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