Research And Implementation Of Carbon Trading Market Linkage Mechanism Based On Blockchain

Carbon trading is a market mechanism designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,which can effectively encourage companies to reduce their emissions.However,traditional carbon trading models still face some problems.Blockchain technology is considered to be able to solve issues such as data unavailability,lack of transparency,and information asymmetry in carbon trading.Many scholars have conducted research on"blockchain+carbon trading".It can be envisioned that a carbon market in the future will operate on a blockchain network.With the establishment of carbon markets around the world,many countries and regions have begun to pay attention to the linkage between carbon markets.Carbon market linkage can achieve emission reduction targets more effectively and at lower cost on a larger scale.By then,the linkage between carbon markets will become the linkage between different blockchains,and the quota trading between carbon markets will be transformed into cross-chain transactions between blockchains.In the special background of carbon market linkage,cross-chain transactions between blockchains will face new challenges.This research mainly focuses on the issues related to cross-chain asset transfer between blockchains under the background of carbon market linkage.The main work is as follows:1.After conducting a thorough investigation into the operating processes of the carbon trading market,we redesigned several key processes related to carbon quota ownership changes,quota allocation,CCER issuance,carbon quota trading,and quota fulfillment,using blockchain and smart contract technologies in a combination of on-chain and off-chain approaches.We developed a decentralized carbon trading market operation process and implemented and functionally verified it based on Ethereum.2.We studied how multiple carbon trading markets using blockchain technology can be linked and how cross-chain asset transfer can be achieved between carbon market chains after linkage.After conducting a thorough investigation into the carbon trading market linkage mechanism,we summarized the three characteristics that cross-chain solutions need to meet:easy adaptability,easy scalability,and cross-chain transfer of restricted assets.Based on this,we designed a cross-chain asset transfer solution that adapts to the carbon trading market linkage mechanism.The main structure of this solution is a light-node validation scheme combined with a relay chain.We controlled the restricted cross-chain transfer of assets using a treasury contract on each parallel chain.We ensured the atomicity of the entire cross-chain solution through a pair of hash locks that are mutually related between the source chain and the target chain,and we designed a set of supporting incentive mechanisms to ensure the efficiency of the system.We also designed a benefit-based greedy scheduling algorithm for the suspended transactions based on the incentive mechanism.By comparing it with other commonly used scheduling algorithms,we demonstrated the superiority of this algorithm.Finally,we conducted a protocol analysis on the overall solution regarding atomicity,doublespending prevention,decentralization,and security,and implemented and functionally verified the key steps of the solution based on Ethereum.