| Nickel,as a transition metal,is widely used in industrial production.And nickel ions are widely distributed in the human body as essential micronutrient.But the excessive presence of nickel can also cause pollution to the environment and produce harm to human body.Nickel is a very common allergenic metal,and when the concentration of nickel ions exceeds the normal physiological range,it can induce a series of diseases and even cancer.However,there are few simple and effective methods for detecting nickel ions at present.Fluorescence probe has gradually become an effective tool for environmental detection,localization and dynamic monitoring of biomolecules due to its simple operation,high sensitivity and non-invasive in situ real-time monitoring.Based on this,we designed and synthesized three fluorescent probes that can be used to image nickel ions and successfully applied them to detect nickel ions in environmental and biological samples.(1)A high sensitivity fluorescent probe FA-Ni for nickel ions was synthesized.Fluorescein with good photostability and high quantum yield was selected as the fluorophore,which was linked to allyl chloroformate to make it have the specific ability to recognize nickel ions.The probe could quickly and sensitively identify nickel ions(DL = 1.87 n M),avoiding interference from other ions,so as to achieve selective detection of nickel ions.Meanwhile,the probe could be used to detect nickel ions in environmental water and soil samples(recovery rate > 90%),indicating that is of great significance in environmental applications.The probe FA-Ni could also be used for the detection and in situ imaging of nickel ions in living cells,which is expected to provide an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of related diseases and a powerful means to understand the physiological function of nickel ions.(2)A long wavelength ratiometric fluorescent probe Ra-Ni for nickel ions was developed.The probe was a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the long-wavelength dye rhodamine,in the presence of nickel ions,the ether bond in the probe structure was broken and hydroxyl group was formed.As a strong electron-donating group,the hydroxyl group could enhance the ICT effect,and the fluorescence intensity increased with the enhancement of the push-pull system,thus realizing the detection of nickel ions.The probe immediately detected nickel ions,and the fluorescence intensity changed rapidly,diminishing at 580 nm and increasing at 640 nm.The probe could detect nickel ions by the change of fluorescence signal at two wavelengths,so as to avoid interference from external factors and realize internal self-calibration,and achieve more accurate detection.In addition,the probe Ra-Ni could also be used to detect nickel ions in environmental samples and cells as well as zebrafish,providing a more effective method for the detection of nickel ions.(3)A mitochondrial targeted fluorescent probe Ba-Ni was designed by introducing the reaction products of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and propylene chloride onto indole salts.The probe was capable of detecting nickel ions in a short period of time,reaching the response plateau in five minutes and responding only to nickel ions in the presence of other interfering substances.At the same time,the probe could also be used for the detection of nickel ions in environmental water samples,which has great application potential.The probe also showed excellent performance in the detection of nickel ions in living cells and zebrafish.The co-localization imaging also confirmed the good mitochondrial targeting ability of probe Ba-Ni,and the results showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.95,which could provide a valuable auxiliary means to study nickel ion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. |
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