| In recent years,supramolecular chemistry has developed rapidly,and some supramolecular materials with specific functions have been widely used in the field of electrochemistry.Among them,cyclodextrins have certain applications in the field of energy storage due to their unique cavity structure and green environmental protection advantages.Polycyclodextrin not only retains the unique cavity structure of cyclodextrin monomer,but also has some advantages of polymers,which provides many unique ideas for the development of new materials,so that it has been applied to a certain extent in many fields.Batteries,supercapacitors and fuel cells are common energy devices,among which supercapacitors have attracted widespread attention from scholars with their advantages such as fast charge and discharge rate and long cycle life.Nanocarbon materials are considered promising electrode materials due to their low cost,strong conductivity and long life,but they have a small energy density.Polyaniline has a high theoretical capacity,but there is a disorderly growth problem in the polymerization process,which ultimately makes it difficult to meet the actual energy storage needs.The composite of polyaniline and nanocarbon materials is a feasible solution.The recombination of different carbon templates and polyaniline has been extensively studied,but when the two are combined,there is a problem of uneven growth of polyaniline,which limits the perfect release of its electrochemical properties.In order to improve these defects,the following three parts of experiments were carried out:cyclodextrin induced the growth of polyaniline on the surface of carbon spheres,optimization of carbon spheres to further improve the performance of polyaniline and carbon sphere composites,and then cyclodextrin induced the recombination of polyaniline and carbon spheres with better performance.The details are as follows:(1)Cyclodextrin was used to assist the uniform polymerization of aniline monomers on hollow carbon spheres,which improved the performance of PANI/HCS composites.The hollow carbon skeleton can not only effectively prevent the agglomeration of polyaniline,but also increase the conductivity of the composite material.The auxiliary effect of cyclodextrin promotes the orderly polymerization of aniline monomers and enhances the synergistic ability of hollow carbon spheres and poly aniline.After adjusting the concentration of aniline monomer,an electrode material with a capacitance value of 569.0 F·g-1 was obtained at a current density of 1.0 A·g-1.(2)In order to further improve the electrochemical performance of the composite,Pdoped nanospheres were prepared by hydrothermal method to optimize the relatively low specific capacitance value of hollow carbon spheres in Chapter 2.and then activated with potassium hydroxide of different masses.Subsequently,phosphate was used to dope the activated carbon nanospheres with phosphorus,which further improved the electrochemical performance of the carbon nanospheres,and the specific capacitance of the material was further increased to 270.2 F·g-1 at a current density of 1.0 A·g-1.P-doped carbon spheres with better electrochemical properties provide a better substrate for the polymerization of aniline monomers.(3)Using the P-doped carbon spheres obtained in Chapter 3 to composite with poly aniline,it was found through scanning electron microscopy that polymerization with different concentrations of aniline monomer could not form a uniform polyaniline layer on the surface of the P-doped carbon spheres.Subsequently,cyclodextrins were used to solve the problem of uneven bonding between poly aniline and P-doped spheres,thereby enhancing the overall potential of the composite material.The effects of different aniline monomer concentrations on PANI/CDP/PKC composites were investigated,and PANI/CDP/PKC composites with good morphology and excellent electrochemical properties were finally obtained. |
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