| With the continuous acceleration of urbanization,industrialization and the promotion of rural revitalization policies in China,the economic development of Fuping County has significantly improved.However,the degradation,imbalance and fragility of ecosystem services are appeared in this process,which will restrict the future rural revitalization of Fuping County.Based on this phenomenon,exploring the spatial pattern of ecosystem services,delineating ecological functional areas and formulating corresponding governance policies are the key issues to be solved in Fuping County’s future development.In this paper,the main ecosystem service functions of Fuping County are evaluated based on the In VEST model,and the ecosystem services pattern and the influence of topographic gradient are discussed by using ArcGIS software and topographic index tools.According to the ecosystem services pattern,K-means clustering method is used for cluster analysis,and a PSO-SVM classification model is built to determine the boundaries of ecosystem service.Then ecological function areas are divided in Fuping County.The following results were obtained:(1)Various ecosystem services in Fuping County show obvious spatial heterogeneity:the total amount of carbon sink service is 2.49 × 107 t,and the high-value areas of carbon sink service are mainly distributed in the high vegetation coverage areas in the western part of Fuping County.The total amount of grain production and services is 4.69 × 104 t,and the high-value areas are mainly distributed in the east of Fuping County,where the terrain is gentle and water resources are abundant.The high-value areas of habitat quality are mainly distributed in the high altitude and high vegetation coverage areas in the west,north and southeast.The total amount of soil and water conservation services is 4.06 × 108 t,and the high-value areas of soil and water conservation services are mainly distributed in the high vegetation coverage areas of northwest,northeast and southwest.The total water production service is 2.15 × 107 m3.The areas with high value of water production and services are mainly distributed in the middle of Fuping County,with abundant rainfall.(2)Fuping County’s ecosystem services function shows obvious topographic gradient effects:the high-value areas of habitat quality are distributed in the I-grade and V-grade topographic gradients,and with the increase of the topographic gradient,it shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing;Carbon sequestration services and soil conservation services are of great values.The areas are distributed in the Ⅴ-level terrain gradient,and show an increasing trend with the increase of the terrain gradient;The high-value areas of food production services and water production services are distributed in the Ⅰ-grade terrain gradient,and show a decreasing trend with the increase of the terrain gradient.The highly important areas of ecosystem services are mainly concentrated in the Ⅰ-level terrain gradient,the moderately important areas and the generally important areas are mainly concentrated in the Ⅴ-level terrain gradient,and the generally important areas account for the largest proportion in the Ⅲ-level terrain gradient area.(3)The k-means clustering method is used to identify 4 ecosystem service clusters:Type I clusters dominates the ecosystem function types of food supply and water production services,mainly distributed in the central and southern part of Fuping County;The second community is mainly composed of ecosystem functions,carbon sink service,habitat quality,mainly distributed in the west and northeast of Fuping County;The dominant ecosystem function type of type Ⅲ cluster is soil and water conservation service,which mainly distributed in the northeast,northwest and southwest;All ecosystem functions in the study area of Class Ⅳ cluster are at a low le vel,mainly distributed in the middle and east of Fuping county.(4)Based on the results of K-means clustering,a PSO-SVM classification model is constructed,and the ecological functional areas of Fuping County are determined as follows:Class Ⅰ food supply area,Class Ⅱ ecological conservation area,Class Ⅲ ecological buffer area and Class Ⅳ ecological fragile area.The grain supply area is located in the central and southern part of Fuping County,which is located in the Ⅰ-level terrain gradient belt,with strong water production service capacity and food supply capacity;The ecological conservation area is located in the high altitude area in the west and northeast of Fuping County,which is in Ⅴ-class area.Terrain belt has strong habitat quality and carbon sink service capacity.The ecological buffer zone is located in the northwest,northeast and southwest of Fuping County,in the terrain gradient zone of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ,and the service level of soil and water conservation is high;Ecologically fragile areas is located in the middle and eastern part of Fuping County,in the terrain gradient zone Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,and various ecosystem services are at a low level.This research can provide a reference for ecological environment protection,and theoretical support for the formulation of the regional land space planning and ecological construction policy.The research results are of great significance to the sustainable economic and social development of Fuping County. |
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