Study On The Controllable Preparation And Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Micro-nanostructured Materials Based On ATO Inverse Opal

As the development of society,the use of fossil fuels has brought increasing environmental pollution problems.Accordingly,it is very necessary to exploit a new type of green energy.Hydrogen is a very potential new energy source.There are many ways to obtain hydrogen energy,among which the method of photoelectrochemical splitting of water to produce hydrogen has attracted the attention of many researchers.However,in the process of photoelectrochemical（PEC）water splitting,factors such as light absorption,recombination of photogenerated charges,and migration of photogenerated charges at the interface will seriously affect the efficiency of PEC water splitting,making the method of PEC water splitting to hydrogen production cannot be applied on a large scale.Tuning the composition and morphology of photoanode is a common strategy to enhance the PEC performance of photoanode.Firstly,a kind of three-dimensional Sb doped tin oxide inverse opal（ATO IO）framework was prepared.In this photoanode,we foucs on the good electron transport characteristics of ATO.Also,the three-dimensional ordered pore morphology of ATO IO are used to make the original photoanode surface area larger,which is convenient to expose more active sites for reaction.Based on this,ATO IO is used as the conductive framework to composite with WO₃,g-C₃N₄and other materials,and its PEC properties are studied.The research contents are as follows:The polystyrene spheres（PS）colloidal crystal template was prepared by vertical sedimentation method,and then the ATO IO framework was synthesized by sol-gel method.After that,WO₃nanowires（WO₃NW）were grown on the ATO IO framework through hydrothermal reaction.Then Cd S nanoparticles were loaded on WO₃NW through successive ionic layer adsorption reaction（SILAR）process,and finally ATO IO/WO₃NW/Cd S NPs photoanode（abbreviated as ATO IO/WO₃/Cd S）was obtained.The effects of the loading of Cd S nanoparticles on WO₃nanowires on the morphology and PEC performance of the photoanode were investigated by a series of characterization methods.It is found that the photocurrent density of ATO IO/WO₃/Cd S-70 photoanode can reach 3.12 m A/cm²at 1.23 V vs.RHE,which is almost 15 times that of ATO IO/WO₃（0.20 m A/cm²）.Similarly,the ATO IO structure was used as the framework,and graphitic carbon nitride（g-C₃N₄）was supported on the ATO IO to obtain a ATO IO/g-C₃N₄composite.Different ATO IO/g-C₃N₄photoanodes were prepared by trying different schemes,such as liquid-based growth,themal vapor condensation,the seeded crystallization followed by calcination,liquid-based growth on the inclined substrate surface,vapor deposition method and the modified liquid-based growth.The influence of the preparation method on the growth of g-C₃N₄film was observed macroscopically.Then the possible factors affecting the PEC performance of the ATO IO/g-C₃N₄photoanode were analyzed and discussed through the PEC performance test,and the most suitable preparation scheme was found.The highest photocurrent density of ATO IO/g-C₃N₄photoanode can reach52.8μA/cm²at 1.23 V vs.RHE.