| Actinidia arguta(A.arguta)is a perennial deciduous vine plant of family Actiniaceae and genus Actinidia,which is widely distributed in the Xiaoxingan Mountains and Changbai Mountains in northeast China.Its fruit tastes soft and juicy,unique flavor,and has a good health function,loved by consumers.As the original country of A.arguta,China is rich in resources.In recent years,the planting area has been expanding,and the output has increased year by year.But its single cultivated varieties can not meet the needs of consumers are an important problem facing the development.In addition,A.arguta is a kind of respiration climacteric fruit.It has short harvest period,fast nutrient loss during storage,perishable fruit and poor storage resistance.Fruit farmers and kiwi processing enterprises can not be guaranteed benefits.Therefore,the evaluation of A.arguta germplasm characteristics,the establishment of storage quality evaluation mechanism,can be targeted to guide fruit farmers to cultivate,improve economic income,reduce enterprise costs,stable product quality,and better promote the healthy development of soft date kiwi industry.Aimed at the problems encountered in the development of A.arguta in China,this study collected in the northeast of 67 germplasm nutrition and taste quality were determined,by using principal component analysis(PCA)selected the high quality resources,and they could be divided into early(’Changjiang No.1’),medium(’LD133’)and late(’Maolvfeng’).In this study,the taste quality,nutritional characteristics and physiological indexes of A.arguta during storage were determined by low temperature storage(2±1 ℃)and normal temperature storage(20±1 ℃).Their taste quality,nutritional characteristics and physiological indexes were measured in this experiment.This experiment revealed the dynamic change and difference of fruit quality during storage,and established a comprehensive evaluation model of A.arguta fruit quality by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Through the research,the following conclusions were drawn:1.The analysis of quality indexes of A.arguta resources showed that there were significant differences in interstitial nutrition and taste quality.The coefficient of variation(CV)of fruit weight,mineral element and vitamin C content were all more than 30%,and there were great differences among resources.The CV of titratable acid and soluble solid contents were lower than 30%,and the CV were relatively small.In correlation analysis,there was simple correlation among all indicators.2.PCA showed that the characteristic values of PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 and PC5 were all greater than 1,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 66.534%.Therefore,the results of PCA could represent the quality traits of 67 A.arguta resources,and the first five principal components could replace the original 14 indexes to evaluate the quality of A.arguta.Ten fruit resources with high comprehensive quality,including 59,61,34,43,’Changjiang No.1’,’LD133’,16,33,30 and 22 were selected as candidate lines by calculating comprehensive scores.3.During storage at different temperatures,the taste quality,physical and chemical properties and physiological indexes of A.arguta at different maturity stages had great changes.The color difference of "Changjiang No.1" during storage was greatly affected by storage temperature,and the polyphenol content was more lost in later storage,but the content of vitamin C and flavone could be maintained well at low temperature.However,’Maolvfeng’maintained better texture and was less affected by temperature.Analysis of storage temperature showed that low temperature significantly delayed the arrival of respiratory peak and ethylene release peak,inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage,maintained good cell integrity,reduced POD,CAT and SOD enzyme activities,and prolonged storage time.4.Constructed the comprehensive evaluation hierarchy chart of storage quality of A.arguta,and finally established its fruit storage quality evaluation model through AHP: Y =0.083 × hardness + 0.018 × cohesiveness + 0.036 × resilience + 0.036 × chewiness + 0.083 ×chromatism delta + 0.190 × weightlessness rate + 0.190 × rotting rate + 0.019 × titratable acid+ 0.019 × soluble solids + 0.119 × vitamin C + 0.050 × polyphenol + 0.050 × flavonoids+0.033× respiratory intensity + 0.033 × ethylene production + 0.016 × malondialdehyde +0.003 × relative conductivity + 0.007 × POD enzyme + 0.007 × CAT enzyme + 0.007 × SOD enzyme.5.The comprehensive score of evaluation showed that the fruit quality in the middle storage period was better than that in the early and late storage period.Under normal temperature condition,the comprehensive quality of medium ripe varieties was better in the early stage of storage.Under low temperature condition,the fruit quality of early maturing varieties was poor in the middle and later period of storage.In this study,suitable high-quality A.arguta resources were screened by PCA,and classified according to the mature types,and stored at different temperatures.AHP was used to obtain the early storage quality of A.arguta varieties at normal temperature,while the early-maturing varieties at low temperature could not be stored. |
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