| Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge,with high edible,medicinal,and ecological values,is a unique woody oil plant in China.Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge has the functions of windbreak and sand fixation and ornamental.Its flowers can be used to collect honey,the leaves can be used to make tea,the fruit can be used to make oil as well as edible,the husk can be used to extract flavonoids,the branches can be used as medicine,and the pomace can be used to prepare porous carbon materials.The oil content of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernels can reach more than 60%.And,the oil contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids,the content is more than 90%,mostly oleic acid and linoleic acid.It also contains neuroacid,a miracle substance that can repair and unclog damaged nerve cells in the brain.Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge protein contains a variety of amino acids,including 7 essential amino acids for human body.Therefore,the research on the comprehensive development and utilization of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is imminent.In this master’s thesis,the oil and flavonoids of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge are extracted by solvent method,and the nervonic acid in them is separated and purified by low-temperature recrystallization method.The obtained waste residue is prepared into porous carbon materials.The specific research contents are as follows:1.The oil content of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernel is determined to be 30.12%and 62.41%by using solvothermal reflux method through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,and the optimal extraction process of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge oil is as follows:The extraction time is 1 h,the extraction temperature is 70℃,the solid-liquid ratio is 1:12(M/V),and the extraction times are 4 times.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of seed oil is 99.34%,and the extraction rate of kernel is 96.28%.GC-MS is used to analyze the seed oil,kernel oil,residue oil,cold pressed oil and hot pressed oil.It is found that the unsaturated fatty acid content of cold pressed oil is the highest 95.15%,and the nervonic acid content of kernel oil is the highest at 3.32%.It can be concluded that the advanced edible oil prepared by cold pressing method has good oil quality and high unsaturated fatty acid content,and the oil has rich content and sufficient source of nervonic acid,which is a high-quality raw material for separation and purification of nervonic acid.2.Taking Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge hot pressed oil from Henan Zhongda Hengyuan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd as raw material,nervonic acid is purified by low temperature recrystallization method.Through single factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimum process is obtained as follows:crystallization temperature-10℃,for 4 h,ethanol concentration 95%,recrystallization for 3 times.Under these conditions,the purity and yield of neurotic acid are 62.33%and 1.35%respectively.3.Extraction of protein from degreased Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernel oil meal by alkali solution and acid precipitation method.Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimal extraction process of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge protein is determined as follows:at 60℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:16(M/V),for 1 h,pH=10.The isoelectric point of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge protein is determined at pH=4.6.And it has good water retention and oil retention,can be added to dairy products,sandwich biscuits,meat products and other foods.It has good emulsification and stability,and has a good development prospect in food processing.4.Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge shell is used as raw material,using 90%ethanol solution as extraction solvent,extraction temperature,extraction time and solid-liquid ratio and extraction times on crown fruit flavonoids purification effect,by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,selected the best process for:solid-liquid ratio of 1:8(M/V),extraction temperature at 80℃,time of 3 h,times for 2 times.Under these conditions,the content of total flavonoids in crown fruit is 52.4%.DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,peroxide free radical and superoxide free radical scavenging capacity of flavonoids from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge are determined.It is found that the scavenging capacity of total flavonoids from crude extract is higher than that of flavonoids extracted from sorbifera fruit shell with different polar solvents.5.Porous carbon material is prepared by chemical activation method with the waste residue after the extraction of active substance from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge as raw material.The optimal preparation process of porous carbon material is as follows:calcined at 800℃ for 2 h,activator zinc chloride and activator ratio as raw material:ZnCl2=1:2(M/M),the electrochemical properties of porous carbon materials are the best under these conditions.The specific surface area can reach 1079.79 m2/g,and the total pore volume is 0.68 cm3/g.At the current density of 1 Ag-1,the specific capacitance is 219.9 F/g,and the porous carbon material has high capacitance retention,indicating that the porous carbon material prepared by this method has the characteristics of large specific surface area and excellent cycling stability,and is suitable for adsorption and electrode material. |
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