Theoretical Researches On The Modulation Of Spontaneous Emission Nearby Two-Dimensional Materials Based Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Due to their natural two-dimensional properties and excellent electronic and optical properties,two-dimensional materials such as graphene and black phosphorus(BP)are widely used in the construction of artificial metamaterials or metasurfaces.Unlike ordinary dielectric materials or general metamaterials that have elliptic dispersion relations,hyperbolic metamaterial is a metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion properties.This material has hyperbolic properties and a high surface density of states,which can support the propagation of evanescent electromagnetic waves in its interior,and has important applications in the modulation of near-field radiative heat transfer and spontaneous emission of atoms.Among them,modulating the spontaneous emission of atoms or molecules is an interesting research topic in the field of quantum optics.In this paper,we investigated the spontaneous emission behavior of quantum emitters near BP sheet and two different types of metasurfaces constructed with BP ribbon arrays(BPRAs).Because the optical and electronic properties of BP are tunable,we can actively modulate the spontaneous emission decay rate of quantum emitters by changing the electron doping of BP and the filling ratio of the BPRAs.We also investigated the effect of the direction between the quantum emitter and two different types of BPRAs on the decay rate of spontaneous emission,and found that when the quantum emitter was parallel to the BP sheet and BPRAs,the spontaneous emission of the quantum emitter can be controlled by mechanically rotating the BP and BPRAs.Furthermore,we investigate the interaction between two quantum emitters near a sandwich structure composed of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride(h BN).We also study in detail the relationship between the interaction between the two quantum emitters and the thickness of h BN and chemical potential of graphene.When the transition frequency of quantum emitter is located in the hyperbolic band of type I supported by h BN,the radiative state can be easily modulated by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene.So it is easy to switch the interaction of quantum emitters from superradiant state to subradiant state by external electric field.When the transition frequency of quantum emitter is located in hyperbolic band of type II,the system can be always in the superradiant state.The present findings provide a new way to modulate and enhance the spontaneous emission of quantum emitters,while having important theoretical value for exploring the application of hyperbolic metamaterials in the field of spontaneous emission.