| In this paper,the fruits oil was prepared from Rhus chinensis Mill.fruits and macadamia nuts.Among them,Rhus chinensis Mill.fruits oil was prepared in two different ways to explore their composition.Antioxidant ability in vitro,and the protective effect of single fruit oil and mixed fruit oil of different mass ratios on vascular endothelial cells;then according to the results of cell experiments,a group of mixtures composed of Rhus chinensis Mill.fruits oil and macadamia nuts oil in mass ratio was selected.Mixed fruits oil was used as raw material to prepare nanoemulsion and Pickering emulsion.The specific research results of the experiment are as follows:(1)Extraction of Rhus chinensis Mill.fruits oil(PRO and SRO)by petroleum ether extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction,and obtained Macadamia nuts oil(CMO)by cold pressing,and then using UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS and GC-MS determined the main phenolic components and fatty acid composition of these three groups of fruit oils respectively.In the three groups of fruit oils,a total of 6 kinds of main phenolic components were detected.Both PRO and SRO identified anacardic acid(15:1),anacardic acid(17:2),anacardic acid(17:1)and anacardic acid(17:3)under this method.Two substances were mainly detected from CMO,namely sabacarinate and 2-hydroxyl-6-Nadeca-8-enylbenzoic acid.Regarding fatty acid composition,a total of 21 fatty acids were detected in the three groups of fruit oils,20 were detected in PRO,21 were detected in SRO,and 12 were detected in CMO.Then,three groups of fruit oils and 1:1 mass ratio of Rhus chinensis Mill.fruits oil and macadamia nuts oil were determined,and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of five groups of fruit oils was determined.The results showed that PRO,SRO,CMO and the mixed fruit oil of PRO/CMO and SRO/CMO with a mass ratio of 1:1 all had good DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner.Among them,the PRO/CMO mixed fruit oil with a mass ratio of 1:1 had significantly stronger ABTS free radical scavenging activity than the other four groups of fruit oil samples(p < 0.05),which indicated that the mixed fruit oil had better biological activity.(2)Using advanced glycation end products(AGEs),EA.hy926 cells were induced to establish an oxidative damage model.By measuring the intracellular ROS produced in EA.hy926 cells after adding 80 μg/mL PRO,SRO,CMO and different mass ratios of PRO/CMO and SRO/CMO to AGEs-induced EA.hy926 cells,and Changes in the contents of CAT,SOD,GSH-Px and LDH in cells and/or supernatants to explore the protective effects of PRO,SRO and CMO on AGEs-induced oxidative damage in EA.hy926 cells,and then use network pharmacology to predict,The mechanism of action of PRO and CMO on the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerosis was analyzed;among them,the results of ROS,CAT,SOD,GSH-Px and LDH were combined,and the mass ratio of the mixed fruit was RRO/CMO=1:3 Oil may work best.Then,using network pharmacology to predict and analyze the mechanism of action of PRO and CMO for the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerosis,a total of 82cross-targets were identified as potential targets of PRO and CMO in the treatment of atherosclerosis.The main active ingredient may be the three phenolic components anacardic acid(15:1),anacardic acid(17:1)and anacardic acid(17:2).The key targets may be mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),mitogen-activated protein kinase8(MAPK8)and mitogen-activated protein kinase 10(MAPK10);the potential main pathway may be PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway;follow-up experiments can be conducted based on these potential main action pathways,targets and main potential active components to further explore and verify the mechanism of PRO and CMO in the treatment of atherosclerosis.(3)Prepare a nanoemulsion with mixed fruit oil of PRO and CMO(mass ratio of1:3)as the oil phase,and explore the optimal formulation of the nanoemulsion;then select a point in the single-phase region(oil phase: water phase: mixed surface activity= 18.75%: 18.75%: 62.50%),and characterized its centrifugal stability and storage stability,the results show that the nanoemulsion has good centrifugal stability in the range of 2000rpm～10000rpm,and has good centrifugal stability at 25 ℃.Good storage stability,while storage at 4°C and 37°C will greatly reduce its stability.The changes of the average particle size and zeta-potential of the nanoemulsion system during the gastrointestinal digestion process were analyzed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro.In the simulated gastric digestion stage in vitro,the average particle size and absolute value of zeta-potential of the mixed fruit oil nanoemulsion increased significantly.In addition,the nanoemulsion system can significantly increase the free fatty acid release of the mixed fruit oil in the intestinal digestion stage,which indicates that the nanoemulsion system can effectively improve the bioavailability of the mixed fruit oil.(4)The Pickering emulsion was prepared with the mixed fruits oil of PRO and CMO(mass ratio of 1:3)as the oil phase and the Castanea mollissima protein(CMP)/chitosan(CTS)complex system as the water phase.20.00%(w/w)CMP/CTS complex as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions.Then explore the best formula for this Pickering emulsion.After obtaining the optimal formula,the effects of different pH values and salt ion concentrations of the aqueous phase on the Pickering emulsion were investigated.The results showed that the stability of the Pickering emulsion would be affected to a certain extent by a peracid or neutral environment.The most suitable pH value of this Pickering emulsion is 4.50.The Pickering emulsion has a certain resistance to the interference of sodium chloride and has good stability. |
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