Study On The Ecotoxicological Effect Mechanism Of Copper Pollution In Soil On The Growth And Metabolism Of Eisenia Fetid

Copper is a trace element necessary for plants to grow in soil.Low concentration of copper can promote plant growth and development,but when copper concentration exceeds the tolerance threshold,it will cause harm to plants and animals in soil.However,in recent years,due to the influence of human activities,the content of copper in soil exceeds the standard seriously,which seriously threatens the safety of soil plants,animals and even human beings.In this study,transcriptome and metabolomics methods were used to study the effects of different concentrations of copper containing soil on Eisenia fetida under 60 days of long-term copper exposure.The concentrations of copper in soil were 67.58 mg/kg,168.96 mg/kg and 337.92 mg/kg,respectively,as well as 0 mg/kg blank control group.Transcriptome analysis showed that the expressions of energy metabolism-related genes(LDH,GYS,ATP6N,GAPDH,COX17),immune system-related genes(E3.2.1.14)and detoxification related genes(UGT,CYP2U1,CYP1A1)were down-regulated.The expression of antioxidant system-related genes(GCLC,GCLC,GAPDH,COX 17)was down-regulated.Copper exposure had a significant effect on HPGDS.The expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes(GCLC,GLUL)was up-regulated,while the expression of YES1 was down-regulated.Lipid metabolism-related genes PLRP1 and CHAT were down-regulated and PLRP2 up-regulated.Similarly,metabonomics analysis shows that energy metabolism related metabolites(glucose-1-phosphate,glucose-6-phosphate)and TCA cycle related metabolites(fumaric acid,allantoic acid,malic acid,malic acid)to express,digestion,absorption,related metabolites(chenodeoxycholic acid,bile acid)immune system(trehalose-6phosphate).In addition,metabolites related to amino acid metabolism(leucine,L-isoleucine,L-valine,L-tyrosine,N-amino-aspartic acid,n-acetylglutamate)were down-regulated and glutamate up-regulated.Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggest that increasing antioxidant capacity and accelerating TCA cycle metabolism may be an adaptive strategy to adapt to long-term copper stress.In conclusion,the combination of transcriptome and metabolomics results will help to futher understand the stress response of copper to A.elissima and provide molecular support for evaluating the environmental effects of copper on soil organisms.