| Grid energy storage technology is the key support for developing new power systems.High-temperature liquid metal batteries represented by sodium-sulfur batteries have been applied to large-scale stationary energy storage,with high safety,high energy density,and long life.Reducing the operating temperature and increasing the energy density are two key improvement directions for high-temperature liquid metal batteries.The invention of the solid-state electrolyte-based liquid lithium(SELL,2018)battery provides a solution.However,SELL batteries still have problems such as manufacturing difficulties,cheap and high-energy-density cathodes to be developed,and unknown thermal management mechanisms of modules.This paper created a novel solid-electrolyte liquid lithium-iron disulfide(SELL-FeS2)battery and investigated its electrochemical and thermal properties.The new batteries provide a new option for conventional energy storage and promising applications in extreme environmental energy storage.First,a solid electrolyte ceramic tube and an iron disulfide composite cathode were prepared,and a SELL-FeS2 battery was designed and fabricated.The oxide ceramic electrolyte LLZTO is widely used as a solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries,but its powder/sheet/tube batch preparation is a difficult problem.At present,commercial ceramic sheets use a hot-press process,which is expensive and cannot be applied on a large scale.In this paper,a semi-automatic ceramic production scheme based on isostatic pressing automatic compaction has been proposed,and the laboratory output of 2 kg/day LLZTO has been achieved.The assembled SELL-FeS2 battery has a different high-temperature reaction mechanism from the normal temperature battery,and the problem of electrode pulverization was solved.The lithium-iron disulfide battery is successfully changed from a primary battery to a secondary battery,which provides a new development path for the Li-FeS2 secondary battery.Second,the electrochemical properties of the SELL-FeS2 batteries were investigated,including performance,energy density,and cost.The SELL-FeS2 battery developed in this paper can be efficiently cycled 2000 times at a current rate of 5 C(≈4.5 A/g)with a reversible specific capacity of ≈750 mAh/g and a stable discharge plateau of ≈1.6 V.The battery exhibits an excellent rate performance.The assembled high-capacity battery with 200 mg FeS2 can be reversibly cycled.Each SELL battery’s energy density and cost,including the SELL-FeS2 battery,are calculated in detail.The energy density and cost advantages of the SELL-FeS2 battery developed in this paper are second only to that of the non-metallic element route,so it has a good application prospect.Finally,a high-temperature thermal field simulation is carried out for the SELL-FeS2 battery module to study the module-level thermal performance,which provides a general and efficient numerical simulation method for high-temperature battery modules.The electrochemical-thermal field coupled 3D model of the high-temperature battery module was established.Based on the existing SELL-FeS2 battery data,the influence of various factors on the thermal performance of the SELL-FeS2 battery module was studied.These factors include charge-discharge rate,The working mode of the heating plate,the thickness of the heat shield,the density of the battery,and the shape of the heating plate. |
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