| Since the Pudacuo National Park system pilot area was proposed,the development and construction of the region has attracted scholars from all walks of life.Pudacuo National Park System Pilot Area is an important ecological function area in China.It is of great scientific significance to realize the rational utilization and sustainable development of natural resources in the region by evaluating the ecosystem service function and analyzing the relationship between them.Based on the natural ecosystem characteristics of Pudacuo National Park pilot area and the ecosystem service types divided by the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Group,this study selected water supply function in supply services,soil conservation function and habitat quality function in support services,and carbon sequestration function in regulation services for quantitative analysis,and evaluated the overall characteristics,spatial distribution pattern,and ecosystem service functions of different land use types.At the same time,correlation analysis,spatial mapping,selforganizing feature mapping network and other methods were used to study the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in Pudacuo National Park,and further explore the relationship between ecosystem services.The research can provide important scientific basis for ecosystem service management and ecological planning in the pilot area of Pudacuo National Park System.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Overall characteristics of ecosystem service function in pilot area: The total water supply in 2006,2010 and 2016 was 204,420 m3,333,170 m3 and 243,530 m3 respectively;the total amount of soil conservation function was 24,090 t respectively,32,990 t,38,700t;the total carbon sequestration was 22,890 t,23,030 t,and 22,320 t respectively;the habitat quality index ranged from 0 to 1,and the larger the value,the better the habitat quality.(2)Spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service function in pilot area: water supply in the study area showed a high distribution in the northeast and low distribution in the southwest;soil conservation services showed a high distribution in the east and low distribution in the southwest;carbon sequestration capacity showed a staggered distribution;habitat quality index showed a ’ high and low ’ distribution in the study area.(3)Ecosystem service function characteristics of different land use types: The water supply capacity per unit area of different land types is forest land,wetland,agricultural land,meadow,unused land,and villages in descending order;The soil conservation per unit area of each land type is from high to low: meadows,woodland,unused land,wetland,cultivated land,and village;the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of different land types is from high to low: wetland,woodland,meadow,agricultural land,unused land,Villages;The average habitat quality index of each land type is from high to low:forest land,wetlands,meadows,agricultural land,unused land,and villages in descending order.Overall,forest land contributed the most.(4)Correlation of ecosystem service function in pilot area: The relationship between the four ecosystem services in the study area in 2006,2010,and 2016 was basically the same,and there was a trade-off between water supply and habitat quality,soil conservation,and carbon sequestration There is a synergistic relationship among other ecosystem services.Strong correlations mainly exist between habitat quality and water supply,habitat quality and carbon sequestration,moderate correlations mainly exist between water supply and carbon sequestration,and weak correlations mainly exist between habitat quality and soil conservation,soil conservation and water supply,soil between retention and carbon sequestration.(5)Identification of hot spots of ecosystem service function in the pilot area: The study area is mainly a type 2 and type 3 service hotspot area.The area of type 2 service area increased from 39.32% in 2006 to 41.15% in 2010,and then decreased to 39.94% in2016.The three types of service areas showed a gradual downward trend,from 48.36%to 47.77%,and then decreased to 44.40%.In general,the hotspots of ecosystem services in Pudacuo National Park declined from 2006 to 2016.(6)According to the pattern characteristics of the four types of ecosystem service function clusters identified and combined with the management objectives of China ’ s national parks,they are named as traditional utilization clusters,strict protection clusters,ecological conservation clusters and scientific and educational recreation clusters.The spatial distribution,trade-offs and synergies of different ecosystem service functions are further clarified. |
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