Sporisorium Reilianum Improve Dss-Induced Colonic Inflammation Based On Gut Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an idiopathic disease characterized by immune disorders and gastrointestinal inflammation.Hepatobiliary inflammation is also a common extraintestinal manifestation of colitis.Currently,due to the side effects of all treatments,alternative treatments are still needed.Disturbance of gut microbiota,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)translocation and inflammatory factor imbalance are all involved in the occurrence and development of colitis and liver inflammation through gut-liver axis.The intake of non-digestible foods,such as polysaccharides and dietary fiber,can selectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and have a positive effect on colitis.Therefore,the gut microbiota-gut-liver axis can be used as a new target for the prevention and treatment of IBD.Sporisorium reilianum is rich in polysaccharides,dietary fiber,amino acids and other active ingredients.It has been found that polysaccharides have good effects on regulating gut microbiota and immunity.Meanwhile,dietary components combined with active ingredients and whole nutrition food have a better synergistic effect on health.In the early stage,the regulation of intestinal health and antioxidant activity of whole powder of S.reilianum(SRPW)and polysaccharide of S.reilianum(SRPS)has been studied.Therefore,based on the "gut microbiota-gut-liver axis" pathway,SRPW and SRPS were used to intervene in colitis mice to explore the role of S.reilianum in regulating colitis in this study.Female balb/c mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)model were induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).The state of mice,diet,fecal p H,colon length and organ weight were observed and recorded,disease activity index(DAI)was calculated,and hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe histomorphological changes of colon and liver tissues.The results showed that SRPW increased the diet and decrease fecal p H of mice from 1 to 7 days.SRPW and SRPS alleviated the loss of body weight,diet and colon length caused by colonic inflammation,and significantly reduced DAI score and visceral index(p<0.05).Meanwhile,the injury of colon and liver tissues were improved.These results indicate that S.reilianum can prevent colon inflammation and damage,protect colon and liver tissues.Meanwhile,long-term consumption may promote appetite and intestinal peristalsis,reduce intestinal p H,and regulate intestinal health.16S r RNA sequencing was used to explore the changes of gut microbiota in colitis mice after SRPW and SRPS intervention.The results showed that SRPW and SRPS improved the disturbance and increase the diversity of gut microbiota in colitis mice.The abundances of Bacteroidetes,TM7 and Proteobacteria at phylum level and Bacteroides,Coprobacillus,Streptococcus and Lactobacillus at genus level were tended to be normal.These results suggest that S.reilianum can improve colon inflammation by changing the structure of gut microbiota and abundance of beneficial bacteria.In addition,multiple components in SRPW play a synergistic role,and the improvement effect of SRPW was slightly better than that of SRPS.The effects of SRPW and SRPS on colonic tissue of colitis mice were investigated by the methods of q RT-PCR and Western Blot.SRPW and SRPS significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and i NOS,chemokines CXCL-2 and intestinal mucosal factors COX-2 and MUC-2(p<0.05).Meanwhile,SRPW and SRPS significantly regulated the related factors of NF-κB signaling pathway,such as NF-κB p65,My D88,IκBα and TLR-4,leading to normal level(p<0.05).Further,redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the beneficial flora with high abundance in SRPW and SRPS groups were negatively correlated with the expression of inflammatory factors,intestinal mucosal factors,and related factors in NF-κB signaling pathway.The correlation between gut microbiota and colon tissue related factors were confirmed.These results indicate that S.reilianum can regulate the expression of related cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway,modulate gut microbiota structure,and improve colon inflammation and injury.Based on the gut-liver axis,the changes of LPS content in colon,serum and liver were measured by ELISA,which was found that a large number of LPS were translocated from colon to liver,causing the liver damage in colitis mice.The methods of q RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to investigate the regulation of SRPW and SRPS on liver inflammatory injury in colitis mice.The results showed that SRPW and SRPS significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines in the liver tissue,such as TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,i NOS and CXCL-2(p<0.05),and also regulated the expression of related factors of NF-κB signaling pathway,such as NF-κB p65,My D88,IκBα,SIGIRR and TLR-4(p<0.05),return to normal.These results indicate that S.reilianum can regulate NF-κB signaling pathway and related cytokines through gut-liver axis and then improve liver injury.These results suggest that based on the gut microbiota-gut-liver axis,S.reilianum can improve colonic inflammation in mice by modulating gut microbiota structure,inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in colon and liver tissues and regulating the expression of related cytokines.Based on this,this study not only provides a reference for further research,but also provides a possible dietary therapy for the prevention and improvement of colon inflammation,and promotes the application of S.reilianum in functional food and food for special medical purposes.