Effect Of Temperature On Bacterial Diversity In Chicken Skin And Duck Skin Based On High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Chicken skin and duck skin are by-products of broiler and ducks during the slaughter process.They contain many substances beneficial to human health lead to involves in meat products to improve the texture,color and sensory quality of meat products.Because of its low price,it has become an alternative material favored by many meat producers.However,However,when poultry skin was added to meat products,the microorganisms contained in them were the main source of microorganisms,which leaded meat products to spoilage.Due to microbial ecological distribution in the chicken and duck skin was significant difference,the chicken and duck skin were cultivated at different storage temperatures(4,25,37℃)to understand the microbial distribution difference of chicken and duck skin,and provide theoretical basis for the late thermal sterilization effect.Chicken skin and duck skin were added as auxiliaries to the meat products,and then sterilized,distributed,sold,and stored.During this process,temperature became a major factor affecting the diversity of bacteria in chicken skin and duck skin.Traditional methods for identifying microbial diversity were often time consuming and laborious,and were susceptible to subjective and objective factors leading to incomplete or incorrect characterization.In this paper,chicken skin and duck skin treated with different temperatures(storage temperature 4,25,37℃ and heat treatment temperature 60,70,80,90,100,110 and 120℃)were as the research object,and the 16S rDNA universal primer PCR of bacteria was used,the target fragment was amplified,and the 16S rDNA V3-V4 variable region library was constructed and the library was subjected to high-throughput sequencing analysis to study the bacterial diversity and community structure in chicken skin and duck skin samples.The results were as follows:(1)Through the three diversity analysis methods of dilution cuve,Chao1 curve and Shannon curve,the results showed that the number of sample sequencing fragments were saturated,and the obtained OTU could cover the composition of all bacterial groups in the sample and reflect the characteristics of bacterial community structure.(2)Bacteria in chicken skin and duck skin samples were mainly divided into 3 main phyla:Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are dominant bacterial phylum in the tested chicken skin and duck skin samples.The three bacterial phyla accounted for more than 97%of the total number of sequencing sequences in the sample.(3)Further classification based the OTUs species of bacteria in stored chicken skin and duck skin showed that the dominant genus of chicken skin and duck skin stored at 4 ℃ was Pseudomonas,and the relative abundance were 46.52%and 79.58%,respectively;the main genus of chicken skin and duck skin stored at 25℃ showed a more uniform state.The main genus in chicken skin was Acinetobacter(25.88%)and Clostridium(20.70%),Bacteroides(13.93%)and Myroides(13.13%),the main genus of the duck skin was Pseudomonas(17.66%),Proteus(17.78%)and Vagococcus(13.00%);the dominant genus of chicken skin and duck skin stored at 37℃ were Clostridium(49.26%)and Anaerosalibacter(49.17%),respectively,and there were also Psychrobacter(12.75%)and Bacteroides(11.28%)in the chicken skin,and(13.00%)Tissierella in duck skin.(4)Further classification based the OTUs species of bacteria in thermal treatment chicken skin and duck skin showed that Clostridium was the dominant genus in chicken skin treated at 60,70,80,90 ℃,relative abundances were 64.86%,77.42%,52.22%and 87.30%,respectively.Bacillus was the main genus of chicken skin treated at 100,110 and 120℃,and the relative abundances were 39.44%,79.61%and 45.96%,respectively.In addition,the heat-resistant Serratia was found in chicken skin.The main genus of duck skin treated at 60℃ was Pseudomonas(33.52%)and Acinetobacter(18.55%).The main genus of duck skin treated at 70℃ was Acinetobacter(18.46%),Clostridium-sensu-stricto-18(12.41%),Proteus(11.04%),Pseudomonas(10.17%),and Clostridium-sensu-stricto-7(8.62%),the dominant genus in duck skin treated at 80℃ and 90℃ was Clostridium-sensu-stricto-18,the relative abundances were 63.04%and 84.11%,respectively.The dominant genus of duck skin treated at 100℃ were Bacillus(49.50%),Clostridium-sensu-stricto-18(29.19%)and Anaerosalibacter(17.20%);the dominant genus at 110℃ was Bacillus(99.23%);the dominant genus at 120℃ was Clostridium-sensu-stricto-18(52.41%),Bacillus(33.07%)and Clostridium-sensu-stricto-7(12.23%).(5)Sample clustering and Beta diversity analysis showed that temperature had a greater influence on bacterial community composition and abundance differences in chicken skin and duck skin.