Effects Of Maternal Presence During Adolescent On Cognitive Ability And Neurogenesis Of Dentate Gyrus In Mice

Early ontogeny is a critical period of brain development,and rich social environment is conducive to cognitive development and adult neurogenesis,especially in infancy.Adolescence is also a critical period of brain development and is susceptible to environmental influences.However,little is known about the impact of the social environment of adolescence on individual cognitive abilities and neurogenesis.In this study,Kunming mice were used as animal models by means of behavior,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of puberty maternal origin on cognitive ability,neurogenesis and RNA omics of related brain regions in adult male and female mice.The main results were as follows:1.There are still varying degrees of maternal behavior during adolescence.The duration and frequency of breastfeeding behavior continue to decrease after post-natal day 21,and completely disappear after post-natal day 24.The frequency of physical contact with offspring is highest at post-natal day 24 and highest at post-natal day 27.The duration and frequency of licking offspring are highest at post-natal day 27,highest at post-natal day 30,and the duration and frequency of nesting behavior are highest at the age of post-natal day 21 and whole adolescence.2.The presence of adolescent maternal significantly improves the cognitive ability of offspring mice.In the pre experiment,both male and female mice in the D35 group developed good short-term social memory in the social recognition experiment;In the new object experiment,the recognition index of male and female mice in the D35 group was higher than that in other groups.In the formal experiment,the recognition index of female and male mice in the D35 group was higher than that in the D21 group in new object recognition,target localization recognition,and temporal sequence recognition experiments,and they were more inclined to explore new objects.3.The presence of adolescent maternal significantly reduced the anxiety level of mice.The male and female mice in the D35 group spent more time in the central area than in the marginal area in the open field experiment.In the dark box experiment,the time spent in the bright box area was significantly longer than in the dark box.The serum levels of Epinephrine(EPI)and Corticosterone(CORT)in both male and female mice in the D35 group were significantly lower than those in the D21 group.4.The presence of adolescent maternal affect gene expression in adult neurogenesis related brain regions.Analysis showed that there were 641 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in DG of male mice,whose function might be related to tight cell connection(GO analysis mainly concentrated on cytoskeleton response.KEGG was significantly enriched in cell transmembrane transport,tight cell connection and other pathways).The Hub genes identified by protein-protein interaction network(PPI)analysis are Cldn3,Tjp3,and Marveld3(down regulated).There are 1210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in DG of female mice,whose function may be related to the proliferation of nerve cells(GO analysis mainly concentrates on the cytoskeleton,the interaction reaction of nerve active receptor ligands.KEGG is significantly enriched in the interaction of nerve active receptors and ligands,c AMP signaling pathway,calcium ion signaling pathway and other pathways).The Hub genes obtained from PPI analysis is: Npy,Crh,Crhr2,Pdyn(upregulated),Fos,Cck,Calca(down regulation).There are a total of 723 DEGs in male mouse Amy,and their functions may be related to cell transmembrane transport proteins(GO analysis mainly focuses on protein digestion and absorption,material transmembrane transport,and other reactions;KEGG is significantly enriched in pathways such as neuroactive receptor ligand interactions and mineral absorption).The Hub genes obtained from PPI analysis is: Gnb3,Gng11,Gng8(upregulated).There are total of 614 DEGs in female mouse Amy,and their functions may be related to the secretion of gonadotropins and adrenal hormones,as well as cell proliferation.GO analysis is mainly enriched in cytokine interactions,neuroactive receptor ligand interactions,and substance transmembrane transport reactions.KEGGs are significantly enriched in pathways such as adrenotropin release and GABAergic synapses;The Hub genes obtained from PPI analysis is: Pomc,Pmch,Trh,Ucn(upregulated).5.The presence of adolescent maternal significantly increased the level of adult neurogenesis in mice.The number of brain derived neurotrophin factor(BDNF)positive cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of male and female mice in D35 group was significantly higher than that in D21 group.The number of DCX positive cells in male mice of the D35 group was significantly higher than that of the D21 group.In the Western Blot experiment,the expression of DCX and BDNF in the DG of male and female mice in the D35 group was significantly higher than that in the D21 group,and the expression of androgen receptor(AR)in male mice in the D35 group was significantly higher than that in the D21 group.The expression of estrogen receptor(ER)in female mice of the D35 group was significantly higher than that of the D21 group.To sum up,the presence of adolescent female parent significantly improved the cognitive ability and emotional expression of mice,and significantly improved the level of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.It affects the differential gene expression in the dentate gyrus of mice,especially in females.It can be seen that the presence of adolescent maternal parents has a positive impact on the neural and behavioral development of offspring.