Behavioral Effects Of Working Memory Load On Space-time Perception And Brain Mechanisms In College Students With Different Majors

Sports and brain health are currently hot topics of concern.In recent years,research on time perception and spatial perception has received considerable attention.Good performance in time and spatial perception is a prerequisite for athletes to perform at a high level,and it is of great significance for sports performance and results.In order to explore the impact of exercise on time and spatial perception and introduce working memory load interference factors,two studies were designed: study one was a behavioral experiment on time and spatial perception of different professional university students with different memory loads;study two was an experimental study on the behavioral effects and neural mechanisms of time and spatial perception of different professional university students with different memory loads using eventrelated potential(ERP)technology with repeated measures analysis.Results:(1)Under the condition of no memory load,the error rate of sports training majors was significantly lower than that of general majors(P<0.05),and their reaction time was significantly faster than that of general majors(P<0.05).They were also significantly faster than social sports majors(P<0.01).(2)Compared with no memory load,the error rate of sports training majors and social sports majors increased significantly under low and high memory loads(P<0.05).The error rate of general majors also significantly increased under low memory load(P<0.05).The reaction time of sports training majors and social sports majors under low and high memory load both significantly slowed down(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in time and space perception between low and high memory loads.(3)Under the condition of memory interference,there was no significant difference in time perception among the three groups of university students.However,under low memory load,the reaction time of general majors was significantly faster than that of social sports majors(P<0.01).Moreover,with the increase of memory load,sports training majors had better correct rates and reaction times than the other two groups.(4)The contingent negative variation(CNV)latency under no memory load was earlier than that under high memory load(P<0.01).The CNV amplitude in the 300-600 ms,600-900 ms,and 900-1200 ms segments were affected by memory load.The amplitude under no memory load were more negative than those under low and high memory loads(P<0.01).(5)There was a significant difference in the late positive component P300 wave amplitude,which was smaller in sports training majors and general majors than in social sports majors(P<0.05).(6)There was no significant difference in the P1,N1,and P2 components among university students in different majors.Conclusion:(1)Under the condition of no memory load,the performance of sports training majors in time and spatial perception was slightly better than that of social sports majors and general majors.(2)Memory load has interference effects on the time and spatial perception of the three groups of university students,but it is not related to the memory load amount.(3)Under the condition of memory interference,compared with other professional university students,sports training majors have better time perception and more accurate spatial perception.In addition,sports training majors and general majors had better reaction times than social sports majors.(4)Memory load affects time perception.The CNV component reflects time perception,and memory load has an impact on the total CNV latency.The segmented CNV wave amplitude indicates that less psychological resources are required for time perception under no memory load.(5)Memory load affects spatial perception,which is related to professional and memory load factors,with the influence of the professional factor being more obvious.University students with good spatial perception have smaller P300 wave amplitudes.No such characteristics were observed in other components,indicating that sports training university students have cognitive advantages and psychological resources for spatial perception are more economical.