| The study of primates in historical periods has always been an important topic in the field of historical zoogeography.The geographical distribution of primates,closely related to humans,was largely influenced by the natural environment of the time,with humid monsoon subhumid areas often its paradise.However,modern biological investigations have shown that many primates,including golden monkeys,gibbons,and bees,are endangered.Therefore,the distribution of primates in historical periods has become an issue of great concern to us.The full text mainly includes the following five parts:The first part is the introduction.It mainly introduces the origin and research significance of this topic,outlines the brief history of research,reviews the academic history,introduces the research ideas and methods,and explains the structure of the article.This paper advances the study of primates to the historical period,restores the geographical distribution and analyzes its characteristics,discusses the significance of animals to the environment,and the role of environmental factors in the distribution changes of primates.Secondly,under the support of abundant historical documents,it is of practical significance to provide theoretical guidance and historical reference for ecological restoration and protection and the protection of animal resources by thinking about people ’s understanding and utilization of primates in historical periods.The second part aims to explore the classification,characteristics and current situation of primates,and lay the foundation for the screening analysis of primates in the historical period starting from the literature.From the perspective of biology and zoology,the species and classification methods of primates in China were analyzed,and the differences between modern biology and traditional animal classification and naming in China were recognized.After the classification of primates,the morphological and ecological characteristics of various genera were sorted out,which helped to further analyze the factors affecting the distribution and changes of primates.Geographical distribution is one of the themes of this paper,which provides the basis for the basic cognition of the distribution status of primates,further promotes the later research,and more effectively explains the environmental indicative significance of animals.Through in-depth analysis of the classification,characteristics and current situation of primates,it has laid a solid foundation for subsequent research and provided a reliable scientific basis for the ecology and protection of primates.The third part is one of the important chapters of this paper,which aims to explore the geographical distribution and causes of primates in the historical period.Based on the biological characteristics of animals,this chapter is divided into four genera : Apis,Macaca,Rhinopithecus and Gibbon,and the geographical distribution trends of various genera are reviewed.On the basis of collecting archaeological data and historical documents,this paper attempts to restore the geographical distribution of primates in China during the historical period.In view of the regions and periods with rich data,this paper studies the geographical distribution of counties in one place.In view of the lack of data,this paper can also try to restore the general situation of its geographical distribution changes.On the basis of restoring the geographical distribution of primates in the historical period,this paper analyzes the geographical distribution characteristics of primates in the historical period from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives after statistical analysis of the collected regional distribution data of primates.In terms of temporal distribution characteristics,the study found that the distribution range of primates in history was quite broad,but after the nineteenth century,the distribution area was significantly reduced and the changes were more and more rapid.In terms of spatial distribution characteristics,the distribution range of primates showed a trend of retreating southward.The lower the latitude,the more the number of primates and the more abundant the species.As a part of the natural environment,the geographical distribution of primates is closely related to the environment.However,environmental change is not caused by a single factor.It is usually a combination of natural geography and social and human impact factors,which is a comprehensive impact process.Considering the factors such as climate,vegetation and topography,this paper links the natural geographical environment with the distribution of primates.From the perspective of climate change,primates adapt to different climatic environments,and different species under different climatic conditions have corresponding main manifestations.For example,there are more primate species suitable for habitat in humid and rainy southern regions,while there are fewer species in dry northern regions.Vegetation and topography also have an important influence on the distribution of primates.The monsoon causes obvious seasonal changes in dry and wet and temperature,and water and food resources under different vegetation and topographic conditions also affect the distribution of primates.In addition to the influence of natural geographical environmental factors,this paper also considers the environmental damage caused by land development and human activities,which can reduce the habitat of primates.Human direct hunting also causes the death of primates,which are also important factors affecting geographical distribution.These social and human factors aggravate the deterioration of the natural environment by destroying the natural environment,which in turn affects the distribution and number of primates.Therefore,the research in this paper shows that the factors of the change of geographical distribution of primates in historical period are multiple.On the basis of considering the natural environment factors,it is necessary to consider the influence of social and human factors.We should think about how to achieve a balance between ecological protection and economic development,so as to maintain the natural environment and biodiversity.The results of this chapter provide strong support for our in-depth understanding of the geographical distribution of primates in historical periods.At the same time,the study of the geographical distribution of primates also helps us to better understand the impact of environmental changes on biological distribution,thus providing guidance and reference for future ecological protection and biodiversity maintenance.The fourth part is the analysis of people ’s cognition of primates in historical period,which is also an important breakthrough point of this study.In the development of people ’s cognition of natural environment,primates have been deeply studied in terms of image,attribution and classification.The naming and use of a thing often best reflect people ’s perception of the thing,and primates are no exception in this regard.By comparing the differences between the naming of ancient and modern primates,this paper starts from the principle of naming primates in ancient literature,and deeply analyzes the evolution process of primate naming.Through the collation and analysis of the literature,this paper comprehensively expounds the utilization status of primates from the aspects of medicine,food,use and entertainment.This series of analyses help to understand the cognition of primates in human history more deeply and comprehensively.By observing historical documents,we find that people ’s cognition of primates is mostly based on visual observation and experience summary,and presents a process of continuous accumulation and development.When people use primates,they often classify and classify them according to their appearance characteristics and behavioral habits,and then name and describe different primates.These names and descriptions reflect people ’s cognitive level and development stage of primates to some extent.Based on the above analysis,we can find that human cognition of primates is a complex historical process,which is affected by both natural environment and social and cultural factors.In the historical period,people ’s cognition of primates not only reflects the cultural and social environment at that time,but also affects people ’s cognition and evaluation of the natural environment.Therefore,in future research,we should pay more attention to human cognition and evaluation of the natural environment in order to better protect and utilize natural resources.The fifth part summarizes the full text.This paper takes primates as the research object,through the collection,collation and analysis of historical data,combined with the existing research results,deeply discusses the geographical distribution and characteristics of primates in the historical period,and analyzes the factors affecting the geographical changes of primates from two aspects of natural geography and social humanities.At the same time,on the basis of restoring the geographical distribution,we further explored people ’s cognition of primates in the historical period,and considered the traditional animal naming rules and utilization value,thus enriching and deepening the content of this research.This paper aims to contribute to the field of historical animal geography research and provide historical reference and theoretical guidance for the protection of primates.It is worth emphasizing that historical research can not only help us understand the past,but more importantly,it has important reference and guiding value for the protection and management of the real ecological environment.Therefore,we should focus on carrying out more in-depth and comprehensive historical zoogeographic research to provide strong support for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. 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