Design Of Water Vapor Detection System Based On Multi-sensor Fusio

In recent years,global warming has intensified the instability of the climate system,resulting in frequent extreme weather such as heavy rain,heat waves,and cold snaps in some regions.Water vapor plays an extremely important role in the atmospheric change process,and its distribution is closely related to rainfall,temperature,and other conditions.Therefore,many scholars have begun to pay attention to the measurement of water vapor content in the air to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of meteorological disaster forecasting.There are many methods for measuring water vapor content in the air,and the dew point method is commonly used for related measurements and characterization.Although traditional dew point sensors have the advantages of high accuracy and wide measurement range,they are expensive,not sufficiently information-based,have a single measurement method,and are greatly affected by the environment.In this study,a water vapor detection system with multiple sensor fusion,high stability,high measurement accuracy,and visual software was designed to address the aforementioned problems.The main work studied by this system is as follows.(1)Aiming at the problems of high price and complex structure of traditional highprecision dew point sensors,a portable resistance-type dew point sensor was designed to directly measure the dew point temperature.The domestically produced GD32 microcontroller was used as the system core,and a pre-processing and comparison circuit was used to detect the surface dew point changes of the condensation element.Through a precise control algorithm based on fuzzy RBF neural network,the semiconductor cooler was used to cool the surface of the condensation element.When the surface resistance of the condensation element reached the dew point equilibrium,the microcontroller detected an interruption signal and used a four-wire PT100 platinum resistance thermometer to measure its surface dew point temperature.(2)In order to solve the problems of single measurement method and vulnerability of traditional dew point sensors to mirror contamination,a low-radiation temperature and dualheating humidity combination sensor was designed to convert to dew point temperature.The low-radiation temperature sensor can significantly reduce solar radiation errors and improve measurement accuracy through a deflector ventilation anti-radiation shield and a high-precision temperature measuring probe.The dual-heating humidity sensor can avoid surface frost and condensation errors and improve humidity accuracy through cyclic heating.The Goff-Gratch formula recommended by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)can be used to convert temperature and humidity into dew point temperature.(3)To prevent a sensor from failing in harsh environments and to improve measurement accuracy and intelligence,two dew point measurement methods are used for multi-sensor data fusion.First,the dew point data of a single sensor is corrected using Kalman filtering to eliminate environmental noise and other errors.Then,a multi-sensor adaptive weighted fusion algorithm is applied to fuse the corrected data of both methods to obtain a more stable and accurate fusion value.An experimental platform is built for verification,and a visualization software platform for water vapor detection system is designed for dynamic display and historical data management of water vapor information.The experimental results show that,using YGM2620 standard cold mirror dew point instrument as the benchmark,the root mean square error of the corrected and fused dew point temperature of the system is 0.1207°C,and the accuracy is within ±0.2°C.The system has the advantages of high reliability and measurement accuracy and can meet the current demand for water vapor measurement in the meteorological field.It is expected to be applied in the field of meteorological disaster prediction.